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Integrated Life Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Analysis of Exterior Wall Systems for Residential Buildings

Author

Listed:
  • Reza Broun

    (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA)

  • Hamed Babaizadeh

    (Stantec Consulting Inc., 500 Main Street, Baton Rouge, LA 70801, USA)

  • Abolfazl Zakersalehi

    (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA)

  • Gillian F. Menzies

    (Institute for Building and Urban Design, School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK)

Abstract

This paper investigates the breakdown of primary energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of two common types of exterior walls in the U.K.: insulated concrete form (ICF) and cavity walls. A comprehensive assessment was conducted to evaluate the environmental performance of each exterior wall system over 50 years of service life in Edinburgh and Bristol. The results indicate that for both wall systems, use phase is the major contributor to the overall environmental impacts, mainly due to associated electricity consumption. For the ICF wall system in Edinburgh, 91% of GHG emissions were attributed to the use phase, with 7.8% in the pre-use and 1.2% in end-of-life phases. For the same system in Bristol, emissions were 89%, 9% and 2%, respectively. A similar trend was observed for cavity wall systems in both locations. It was concluded that in each scenario, the ICF wall system performed better when compared to the cavity wall system. The results of the sensitivity analysis clearly show that the uncertainties relevant to the change of the thickness of the wall are quite tolerable: variable up to 5%, as far as energy and greenhouse emissions are concerned.

Suggested Citation

  • Reza Broun & Hamed Babaizadeh & Abolfazl Zakersalehi & Gillian F. Menzies, 2014. "Integrated Life Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Analysis of Exterior Wall Systems for Residential Buildings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 6(12), pages 1-12, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:6:y:2014:i:12:p:8592-8603:d:42812
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yohanis, Y.G. & Norton, B., 2002. "Life-cycle operational and embodied energy for a generic single-storey office building in the UK," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 77-92.
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    2. Leopold Škerget & António Tadeu & João Almeida, 2021. "Unsteady Coupled Moisture and Heat Energy Transport through an Exterior Wall Covered with Vegetation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-26, July.
    3. Babí Almenar, Javier & Petucco, Claudio & Sonnemann, Guido & Geneletti, Davide & Elliot, Thomas & Rugani, Benedetto, 2023. "Modelling the net environmental and economic impacts of urban nature-based solutions by combining ecosystem services, system dynamics and life cycle thinking: An application to urban forests," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    4. Li, Clyde Zhengdao & Lai, Xulu & Xiao, Bing & Tam, Vivian W.Y. & Guo, Shan & Zhao, Yiyu, 2020. "A holistic review on life cycle energy of buildings: An analysis from 2009 to 2019," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).

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