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Enhancing Microclimate Sustainability: The Impact of Blue–Green–Gray Underlying Surfaces in Stormwater Parks Under Subtropical Monsoon Climates

Author

Listed:
  • Ziyan Lu

    (The College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

  • Tongxin Zhong

    (The College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

  • Yue Qiao

    (Jiangsu Fangyang Construction Engineering Management Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222000, China)

  • Guiyi Wu

    (China Railway 22nd Bureau Group Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100043, China)

  • Haishun Xu

    (The College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

Abstract

As a type of green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), stormwater parks play a crucial role in mitigating urban heat and managing stormwater, especially in subtropical monsoon climates where high temperatures and rainfall coincide. The benefits of microclimate improvement are associated with the specific surface types of stormwater parks. However, research on how different surfaces affect the microclimates of stormwater parks remains limited. This study utilized an unmanned aerial vehicle to investigate the surface temperature characteristics of blue–green–gray underlying surfaces within a stormwater park and employed multiple linear regression to analyze their impact on the microclimate. The results indicated that (1) blue underlying surfaces functioned as a stable cold source in dry periods but warmed quickly after rainfall. (2) Green surfaces consistently provided a cooling effect on the microclimate, with cooling intensity intricately related to vegetation structure. Specifically, the cooling effects of arbor–shrub–grass and arbor–shrub combinations were greater than those of other plant configurations. (3) The warming effect of gray underlying surfaces was affected by weather conditions and permeability, with pervious concrete exhibiting lower surface temperatures than impervious pavements during dry spells, although this difference diminished significantly after rain. These findings provide scientific evidence and design guidance for enhancing the sustainability of microclimates.

Suggested Citation

  • Ziyan Lu & Tongxin Zhong & Yue Qiao & Guiyi Wu & Haishun Xu, 2025. "Enhancing Microclimate Sustainability: The Impact of Blue–Green–Gray Underlying Surfaces in Stormwater Parks Under Subtropical Monsoon Climates," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-24, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:5:p:2155-:d:1603865
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yaohui Su & Lingxiao Shu, 2025. "Evaluation of the Social Performance of Urban Stormwater Parks: A Case Study in Jinhua, Zhejiang," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-25, January.
    2. Peihao Tong & Hongxi Yin & Zhifang Wang & Ian Trivers, 2022. "Combining Stormwater Management and Park Services to Mitigate Climate Change and Improve Human Well-Being: A Case Study of Sponge City Parks in Shanghai," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-16, September.
    3. Yuhe Ma & Mudan Zhao & Jianbo Li & Jian Wang & Lifa Hu, 2021. "Cooling Effect of Different Land Cover Types: A Case Study in Xi’an and Xianyang, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-16, January.
    4. Hongyu Du & Jinquan Ai & Yongli Cai & Hong Jiang & Pudong Liu, 2019. "Combined Effects of the Surface Urban Heat Island with Landscape Composition and Configuration Based on Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Shanghai, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-13, May.
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