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Research on Summer Maize Irrigation and Fertilization Strategy in Henan Province Based on Multi-Objective Optimization Model

Author

Listed:
  • Jianqin Ma

    (School of Water Conservaney, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China)

  • Yongqing Wang

    (School of Water Conservaney, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China)

  • Lei Liu

    (School of Water Conservaney, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China)

  • Bifeng Cui

    (School of Water Conservaney, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
    Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, China)

  • Yu Ding

    (School of Water Conservaney, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China)

  • Lansong Liu

    (School of Water Conservaney, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China)

Abstract

Identifying a water–nitrogen coupling strategy to achieve high efficiency, emission reduction, and optimal yield in summer maize under multi-objective conditions is crucial for enhancing nitrogen fertilizer utilization and promoting agricultural sustainability. This study conducted a field experiment on water–fertilizer coupling in summer maize, with three irrigation levels (60% θ f , 70% θ f , 80% θ f , with θ f representing field capacity) and four nitrogen application levels (0, 180, 270, 360 kg/ha). It analyzed variations in yield, partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (PFP N ), and the soil CO 2 emission flux across different water–nitrogen combinations, establishing a multi-vector optimization model. NSGA-III (non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III) was utilized to determine the most effective combination of water and nitrogen. The results indicated that maize yield initially increases and then declines as irrigation and nitrogen levels rise. PFP N showed a decreasing trend, and its decline gradually decreased with increasing irrigation levels, suggesting that water can alleviate nitrogen stress to some extent. Soil carbon dioxide exhalation intensity increased with both irrigation and nitrogen levels. The NSGA-III optimization revealed that the optimal water–nitrogen ratio is 1086.28 m 3 /ha for irrigation and 265.79 kg/ha for nitrogen. Compared with the best water–nitrogen combination (W2N3) from the experiment, this optimized scheme showed no significant difference in irrigation volume, yield, or soil CO 2 emission flux while increasing PFP N by 13.46% and saving 1.56% of nitrogen fertilizer. In summary, the optimized water–fertilizer coupling scheme provides a scientific basis for high-efficiency, high-yield, and low-emission maize production in Henan Province, supporting sustainable agricultural development.

Suggested Citation

  • Jianqin Ma & Yongqing Wang & Lei Liu & Bifeng Cui & Yu Ding & Lansong Liu, 2025. "Research on Summer Maize Irrigation and Fertilization Strategy in Henan Province Based on Multi-Objective Optimization Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-13, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:5:p:1834-:d:1596786
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. ChaoQing Yu & Xiao Huang & Han Chen & H. Charles J. Godfray & Jonathon S. Wright & Jim W. Hall & Peng Gong & ShaoQiang Ni & ShengChao Qiao & GuoRui Huang & YuChen Xiao & Jie Zhang & Zhao Feng & XiaoTa, 2019. "Managing nitrogen to restore water quality in China," Nature, Nature, vol. 567(7749), pages 516-520, March.
    2. Chen, Qi & Qu, Zhaoming & Ma, Guohua & Wang, Wenjing & Dai, Jiaying & Zhang, Min & Wei, Zhanbo & Liu, Zhiguang, 2022. "Humic acid modulates growth, photosynthesis, hormone and osmolytes system of maize under drought conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    3. Ning, Dongfeng & Chen, Haiqing & Qin, Anzhen & Gao, Yang & Zhang, Jiyang & Duan, Aiwang & Wang, Xingpeng & Liu, Zhandong, 2024. "Optimizing irrigation and N fertigation regimes achieved high yield and water productivity and low N leaching in a maize field in the North China Plain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
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