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Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Storm Surge-Induced Salinity Augmentation in the Pearl River Estuary, South China

Author

Listed:
  • Yixiao Gao

    (School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
    Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disasters, Guangzhou 510006, China)

  • Xianwei Wang

    (School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
    Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disasters, Guangzhou 510006, China
    Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China)

  • Chunyu Dong

    (Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
    School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China)

  • Jie Ren

    (Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
    School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China)

  • Qingnian Zhang

    (School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China)

  • Ying Huang

    (Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China)

Abstract

The Pearl River Estuary (PRE) frequently experiences the impacts of typhoons, storm surges, and saltwater intrusion. While previous research has mainly focused on saltwater intrusion during the dry season, there is limited research on saltwater intrusion caused by storm surges in the PRE. In this study, we systematically investigate the effects of ten typical autumnal typhoons and associated storm surges on saltwater intrusion in the Modaomen Waterway using in situ data of water level, river discharge, and chloride concentrations from 2006 to 2022. We introduce the concept of Storm surge-Induced Salinity Augmentation (SISA) and analyze its characteristics and primary influencing factors. Our findings reveal that SISA primarily occurs in autumn, with reduced upstream river discharge and the dominance of high-salinity water in the estuary. SISA occurs immediately after storm surges and grows rapidly and violently, with a time lag of 2–4 h, but rapidly recedes after the typhoon passage due to heavy rainfall and high freshwater discharge. Typhoons with a westward trajectory have a greater influence, and the southeastern winds outside the estuary during typhoon events are the primary factors determining the intensity of SISA. Pre-typhoon river discharge affects the range and duration of saltwater intrusion. Moreover, the coupling effect of extreme river dryness, spring tide, and storm surges significantly enhances saltwater intrusion. Further research is needed to quantify the spatiotemporal characteristics of SISA accurately.

Suggested Citation

  • Yixiao Gao & Xianwei Wang & Chunyu Dong & Jie Ren & Qingnian Zhang & Ying Huang, 2024. "Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Storm Surge-Induced Salinity Augmentation in the Pearl River Estuary, South China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-21, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:6:p:2254-:d:1353330
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bingjun Liu & Yeying Liao & Shulan Yan & Hengheng Yan, 2017. "Dynamic characteristics of saltwater intrusion in the Pearl River Estuary, China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 89(3), pages 1097-1117, December.
    2. Dedi Liu & Xiaohong Chen & Zhanghua Lou, 2010. "A Model for the Optimal Allocation of Water Resources in a Saltwater Intrusion Area: A Case Study in Pearl River Delta in China," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(1), pages 63-81, January.
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