IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v16y2024i5p1752-d1342762.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact of Structural and Non-Structural Measures on the Risk of Flash Floods in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study of the Gash River, Kassala, Eastern Sudan

Author

Listed:
  • Kamal Abdelrahim Mohamed Shuka

    (Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Ke Wang

    (Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Ghali Abdullahi Abubakar

    (Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Tianyue Xu

    (Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

Abstract

Sediment precipitation in riverbeds influences the effectiveness of structural and non-structural measures for flash flood mitigation and increases the potential for flooding. This study aimed to disclose the effectiveness of the implemented measures for flood risk mitigation in Kassala town, eastern Sudan. We employed remote sensing (RS) and GIS techniques to determine the change in the Gash River riverbed, the morphology, and the leveling of both the eastern and western sides of the river. Flood model simulation and a 3D path profile were generated using the digital elevation model (DEM) with a data resolution of 12.5 m from the ALOS BILSAR satellite. The main purpose of this study is to extract the layer of elevation of the riverbed on both the western and eastern banks and to determine the variations and their relationship to flood occurrence and mitigation. The construction of dikes and spurs near Kassala town has led to sediment precipitation, causing the riverbed to rise. The results show that it is now 1.5 m above the eastern Kassala town level, with a steep slope of 2 m/km, and the cross-section area at Kassala bridge has shrunk, which indicates that the bridge body will partially impede the river’s high discharge and increase the potential for flood risk in the study area. The eastern part of Kassala town has a higher likelihood of flooding than the western side. This study suggests redesigning structural measures like widening the Gash River, extending Kassala bridge for normal water flow, strengthening early warning systems, and implementing soil conservation activities for normal water flow.

Suggested Citation

  • Kamal Abdelrahim Mohamed Shuka & Ke Wang & Ghali Abdullahi Abubakar & Tianyue Xu, 2024. "Impact of Structural and Non-Structural Measures on the Risk of Flash Floods in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study of the Gash River, Kassala, Eastern Sudan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-23, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:5:p:1752-:d:1342762
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/5/1752/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/5/1752/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Deepak Singh Bisht & Chandranath Chatterjee & Shivani Kalakoti & Pawan Upadhyay & Manaswinee Sahoo & Ambarnil Panda, 2016. "Modeling urban floods and drainage using SWMM and MIKE URBAN: a case study," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 84(2), pages 749-776, November.
    2. Fadul, E. & Masih, I. & De Fraiture, C., 2019. "Adaptation strategies to cope with low, high and untimely floods: Lessons from the Gash spate irrigation system, Sudan," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 212-225.
    3. Zhipan Niu & Yi Long & Chuke Meng & Hang Yang & Yihan Luo & Weiyang Zhao, 2023. "Impact Pressure Influence of Flood on Bridge Deck under Sediment Deposition Conditions: An Experimental Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-12, September.
    4. S. Jonkman, 2005. "Global Perspectives on Loss of Human Life Caused by Floods," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 34(2), pages 151-175, February.
    5. Mingyang Liu & Suiju Lv & Qiao Qiao & Lulu Song, 2023. "Design and Numerical Simulation of the Headworks in the Shizuishan Section of the Yellow River," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-13, March.
    6. Sunita Verma & Ajay Sharma & Pramod Kumar Yadava & Priyanshu Gupta & Janhavi Singh & Swagata Payra, 2022. "Rapid flash flood calamity in Chamoli, Uttarakhand region during Feb 2021: an analysis based on satellite data," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 112(2), pages 1379-1393, June.
    7. Sheng-Chi Yang & Tsun-Hua Yang & Ya-Chi Chang & Cheng-Hsin Chen & Mei-Ying Lin & Jui-Yi Ho & Kwan Tun Lee, 2020. "Development of a Hydrological Ensemble Prediction System to Assist with Decision-Making for Floods during Typhoons," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-20, May.
    8. Masumeh Ashgevar Heydari & Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi & Atefeh Jafarpoor, 2023. "Hydrological Properties of Rill Erosion on a Soil from a Drought-Prone Area during Successive Rainfalls as a Result of Microorganism Inoculation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-19, September.
    9. Mir Khursheed Alam & Shyamasree Dasgupta & Anamika Barua & N. H. Ravindranath, 2022. "Assessing climate-relevant vulnerability of the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR): a district-level analysis," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 112(2), pages 1395-1421, June.
    10. Amarnath, Giriraj & Simons, G. W. H. & Alahacoon, Niranga & Smakhtin, V. & Sharma, Bharat & Gismalla, Y. & Mohammed, Y. & Andrie, M. C. M., 2018. "Using smart ICT to provide weather and water information to smallholders in Africa: the case of the Gash River Basin, Sudan," Papers published in Journals (Open Access), International Water Management Institute, pages 22:52-66.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Peng Gao & Wei Gao & Nan Ke, 2021. "Assessing the impact of flood inundation dynamics on an urban environment," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 109(1), pages 1047-1072, October.
    2. Davor Kvočka & Roger A. Falconer & Michaela Bray, 2016. "Flood hazard assessment for extreme flood events," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 84(3), pages 1569-1599, December.
    3. Rebecca E. Morss & Julie L. Demuth & Ann Bostrom & Jeffrey K. Lazo & Heather Lazrus, 2015. "Flash Flood Risks and Warning Decisions: A Mental Models Study of Forecasters, Public Officials, and Media Broadcasters in Boulder, Colorado," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(11), pages 2009-2028, November.
    4. Sivadasan, Jagadeesh & Xu, Wenjian, 2021. "Missing women in India: Gender-specific effects of early-life rainfall shocks," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    5. María Isabel Arango & Edier Aristizábal & Federico Gómez, 2021. "Morphometrical analysis of torrential flows-prone catchments in tropical and mountainous terrain of the Colombian Andes by machine learning techniques," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 105(1), pages 983-1012, January.
    6. Quntao Yang & Shuliang Zhang & Qiang Dai & Rui Yao, 2020. "Improved Framework for Assessing Vulnerability to Different Types of Urban Floods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-18, September.
    7. Seon Woo Kim & Soon Ho Kwon & Donghwi Jung, 2022. "Development of a Multiobjective Automatic Parameter-Calibration Framework for Urban Drainage Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-16, July.
    8. Francesco Serinaldi & Florian Loecker & Chris G. Kilsby & Hubert Bast, 2018. "Flood propagation and duration in large river basins: a data-driven analysis for reinsurance purposes," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 94(1), pages 71-92, October.
    9. Derly Gómez & Edwin F. García & Edier Aristizábal, 2023. "Spatial and temporal landslide distributions using global and open landslide databases," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 117(1), pages 25-55, May.
    10. Tong Xu & Zhiqiang Xie & Fei Zhao & Yimin Li & Shouquan Yang & Yangbin Zhang & Siqiao Yin & Shi Chen & Xuan Li & Sidong Zhao & Zhiqun Hou, 2022. "Permeability control and flood risk assessment of urban underlying surface: a case study of Runcheng south area, Kunming," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 111(1), pages 661-686, March.
    11. Ibidun Adelekan & Adeniyi Asiyanbi, 2016. "Flood risk perception in flood-affected communities in Lagos, Nigeria," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 80(1), pages 445-469, January.
    12. Weili Duan & Bin He & Daniel Nover & Jingli Fan & Guishan Yang & Wen Chen & Huifang Meng & Chuanming Liu, 2016. "Floods and associated socioeconomic damages in China over the last century," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 82(1), pages 401-413, May.
    13. Tian Liu & Peijun Shi & Jian Fang, 2022. "Spatiotemporal variation in global floods with different affected areas and the contribution of influencing factors to flood-induced mortality (1985–2019)," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 111(3), pages 2601-2625, April.
    14. Morteza T. Marvi, 2020. "A review of flood damage analysis for a building structure and contents," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 102(3), pages 967-995, July.
    15. S. Mosquera-Machado & Sajjad Ahmad, 2007. "Flood hazard assessment of Atrato River in Colombia," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 21(3), pages 591-609, March.
    16. Luoyang Wang & Yao Li & Hao Hou & Yan Chen & Jinjin Fan & Pin Wang & Tangao Hu, 2022. "Analyzing spatial variance of urban waterlogging disaster at multiple scales based on a hydrological and hydrodynamic model," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 114(2), pages 1915-1938, November.
    17. Dilshad Ahmad & Mohammad Afzal & Abdur Rauf, 2021. "Farmers’ adaptation decisions to landslides and flash floods in the mountainous region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(6), pages 8573-8600, June.
    18. José Barredo, 2007. "Major flood disasters in Europe: 1950–2005," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 42(1), pages 125-148, July.
    19. Guozhen Wei & Wei Ding & Guohua Liang & Bin He & Jian Wu & Rui Zhang & Huicheng Zhou, 2022. "A New Framework Based on Data-Based Mechanistic Model and Forgetting Mechanism for Flood Forecast," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(10), pages 3591-3607, August.
    20. Meiling Zhou & Xiuli Feng & Kaikai Liu & Chi Zhang & Lijian Xie & Xiaohe Wu, 2021. "An Alternative Risk Assessment Model of Urban Waterlogging: A Case Study of Ningbo City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-20, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:5:p:1752-:d:1342762. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.