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Tourist eXperience Considering Cultural Factors: A Systematic Literature Review

Author

Listed:
  • Oriella Ortiz

    (Dirección de Análisis Institucional, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile)

  • Cristian Rusu

    (Escuela de Ingeniería Informática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile)

  • Virginica Rusu

    (Departamento de Humanidades, Universidad de Playa Ancha de Ciencias de la Educación, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile)

  • Nicolás Matus

    (Escuela de Ingeniería Informática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile)

  • Ayaka Ito

    (Faculty of Foreign Studies, Reitaku University, Chiba 2778686, Japan)

Abstract

This article examines Tourist eXperience (TX) and cultural factors from the perspective of Customer eXperience (CX). TX is understood to be the interactions with and responses of tourists to the products, systems, and services provided by organizations they engage with before, during, and after their trip, which significantly impact their experience and thus their satisfaction and loyalty. Considering cultural factors allows us to understand how the values and beliefs of tourists and their destinations relate to and affect TX. Based on this understanding, this research conducted an exhaustive review of the literature in the databases of Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct from 2012 to 2024, identifying 45 publications directly related to the following research questions: (1) What is TX? (2) What dimensions/attributes/factors influence TX? (3) What methods are used to evaluate TX? (4) How is culture analyzed in TX? We found a holistic definition of TX that corresponds to a subjective perception developed before, during, and after the trip, influenced by both the tourist’s culture and the destination. The most used evaluation methods for data collection were questionnaires/surveys and interviews. Additionally, it is important to understand the significance of culture in TX, as cultural clashes can generate both positive and negative perceptions in tourists.

Suggested Citation

  • Oriella Ortiz & Cristian Rusu & Virginica Rusu & Nicolás Matus & Ayaka Ito, 2024. "Tourist eXperience Considering Cultural Factors: A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-29, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:22:p:10042-:d:1523287
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. WooHyuk Kim & Kristin Malek & NamJo Kim & SeungHyun “James” Kim, 2017. "Destination Personality, Destination Image, and Intent to Recommend: The Role of Gender, Age, Cultural Background, and Prior Experiences," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-18, December.
    2. Gentile, Chiara & Spiller, Nicola & Noci, Giuliano, 2007. "How to Sustain the Customer Experience:: An Overview of Experience Components that Co-create Value With the Customer," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 395-410, October.
    3. Arnould, Eric J & Price, Linda L, 1993. "River Magic: Extraordinary Experience and the Extended Service Encounter," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 20(1), pages 24-45, June.
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