IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i20p14894-d1260322.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Comprehensive Analysis of PM 1 Composition in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Basin: A Three-Year Urban Study

Author

Listed:
  • Sujit Das

    (Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India)

  • Anamika Roy

    (Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India)

  • Renu Masiwal

    (Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India)

  • Mamun Mandal

    (Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India)

  • Robert Popek

    (Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Monojit Chakraborty

    (Environmental Engineering and Social Planning Division, LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 110044, India)

  • Dinesh Prasad

    (Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India)

  • Filip Chyliński

    (Instytut Techniki Budowlanej, Filtrowa Street 1, 00-611 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Amit Awasthi

    (Department of Applied Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India)

  • Abhijit Sarkar

    (Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India)

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) pollution poses a severe threat to the environment and health worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the mass concentration, physicochemical characteristics, and emission sources of aerodynamic diameters of ≤1 µm (PM 1 ) within an urban sprawl situated in the eastern Indo-Gangetic basin over three years (2017–2019). The study encompassed the monitoring of PM 1 using an ambient PM 1 sampler; physicochemical characteristics were determined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Possible emission sources were analysed through principal component analysis (PCA) and enrichment factor (EF) analyses. The results showed that the PM 1 concentrations were consistently high throughout the research period, even exceeding the national standards for PM 2.5 and PM 10 , especially during the post-monsoon period. Significant seasonal fluctuations were confirmed by the elemental and inorganic ion analyses, highlighting the dominance of elements like Al, Ca, Fe, K, and Mg and inorganic ions like NH 4 + , SO 4 2− , and NO 3 − . Vehicular exhaust and non-exhaust (47%), sea salt and biomass burning (26%), and industrial activities (10.3%) are the dominant sources of PM 1 . Therefore, the findings are thought-provoking and could inspire policymakers to formulate reduction policies in India.

Suggested Citation

  • Sujit Das & Anamika Roy & Renu Masiwal & Mamun Mandal & Robert Popek & Monojit Chakraborty & Dinesh Prasad & Filip Chyliński & Amit Awasthi & Abhijit Sarkar, 2023. "Comprehensive Analysis of PM 1 Composition in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Basin: A Three-Year Urban Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:20:p:14894-:d:1260322
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/20/14894/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/20/14894/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Isidro A. Pérez & Mª Ángeles García & Mª Luisa Sánchez & Nuria Pardo & Beatriz Fernández-Duque, 2020. "Key Points in Air Pollution Meteorology," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Robert Popek & Beata Fornal-Pieniak & Filip Chyliński & Magdalena Pawełkowicz & Jan Bobrowicz & Dominika Chrzanowska & Natalia Piechota & Arkadiusz Przybysz, 2022. "Not Only Trees Matter—Traffic-Related PM Accumulation by Vegetation of Urban Forests," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-18, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nishit Aman & Kasemsan Manomaiphiboon & Natchanok Pala-En & Eakkachai Kokkaew & Tassana Boonyoo & Suchart Pattaramunikul & Bikash Devkota & Chakrit Chotamonsak, 2020. "Evolution of Urban Haze in Greater Bangkok and Association with Local Meteorological and Synoptic Characteristics during Two Recent Haze Episodes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-18, December.
    2. Robert Popek & Beata Fornal-Pieniak & Piotr Dąbrowski & Filip Chyliński, 2023. "The Role of Spontaneous Flora in the Mitigation of Particulate Matter from Traffic Roads in an Urbanised Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-16, May.
    3. Nishit Aman & Kasemsan Manomaiphiboon & Natchanok Pala-En & Bikash Devkota & Muanfun Inerb & Eakkachai Kokkaew, 2023. "A Study of Urban Haze and Its Association with Cold Surge and Sea Breeze for Greater Bangkok," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-19, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:20:p:14894-:d:1260322. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.