IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i14p11346-d1198974.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Preparation of Slow-Release Fertilizer from Fly Ash and Its Slow-Release and Metal Immobilization Properties

Author

Listed:
  • Yingqin Wang

    (State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30# Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
    School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30# Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Hao Chen

    (State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30# Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
    School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30# Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Dongyu Tian

    (State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30# Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
    School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30# Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Liyun Yang

    (State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30# Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
    School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30# Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Hao Bai

    (State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30# Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
    School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30# Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China)

Abstract

In this study, SRPF with metastable KAlSiO 4 as the main slow-release substance was prepared by the sintering method using fly ash and K 2 CO 3 as raw materials, and an orthogonal experiment was conducted to optimize the raw material ratio and preparation parameters of SRPF. The optimum parameters for preparing SRPF are as follows: the potassium carbonate content is 15%; the sintering temperature is 1100 °C; heat preservation time is 60 min; cooling mode is furnace cooling, and the particle size of raw materials is not less than 150 μm. Initial leaching rates in water and 2% citric acid solution were 4.64% and 47.07%, respectively, and cumulative leaching rates at 28 days were 11.17% and 85.86%, respectively, showing that the SRPF prepared from fly ash and K 2 CO 3 meets the standard GB/T 23348-2009 of China. A soil column leaching test was carried out to study the slow-release behavior of SRPF in soil. When the leaching medium is water, the 70-day cumulative leaching rate of SRPF in soil is about 4%, while when the leaching medium is citric acid, depending on the soil type, the 70-day cumulative leaching rate of SRPF can reach 21.2% and 43.5%. The results of the soil column leaching test showed that the total potassium content in the soil was negatively correlated with the slow-release rate of SRPF. Finally, the immobilization effect and mechanism of SRPF on lead ion immobilization was studied, and it was found that SRPF still had a considerable effect on lead ions immobilization. The BET results showed that, compared with fly ash, the BET surface area of SRPF was reduced by 48.3%, the total pore volume was reduced by 16.0%, and the average pore diameter had a small change. The decrease in total pore volume was mainly concentrated in the micropore volume and mesopore volume, which are reduced by 50% and 20% respectively, while the macropore volume hardly changes. In summary, fly ash can be used to prepare SRPF with a good release effect and similar heavy metal ions immobilization ability.

Suggested Citation

  • Yingqin Wang & Hao Chen & Dongyu Tian & Liyun Yang & Hao Bai, 2023. "Preparation of Slow-Release Fertilizer from Fly Ash and Its Slow-Release and Metal Immobilization Properties," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:14:p:11346-:d:1198974
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/14/11346/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/14/11346/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gu, Haihong & Li, Fuping & Guan, Xiang & Li, Zhongwei & Yu, Qiang, 2013. "Remediation of Steel Slag on Acidic Soil Contaminated by Heavy Metal," Asian Agricultural Research, USA-China Science and Culture Media Corporation, vol. 5(05), pages 1-5, May.
    2. Lin, Bo-qiang & Liu, Jiang-hua, 2010. "Estimating coal production peak and trends of coal imports in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 512-519, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wang, Chengjin & Ducruet, César, 2014. "Transport corridors and regional balance in China: the case of coal trade and logistics," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 3-16.
    2. Kahrl, Fredrich & Williams, Jim & Jianhua, Ding & Junfeng, Hu, 2011. "Challenges to China's transition to a low carbon electricity system," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(7), pages 4032-4041, July.
    3. Wang, Qiang & Song, Xiaoxin, 2021. "How UK farewell to coal – Insight from multi-regional input-output and logarithmic mean divisia index analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    4. Lin, Boqiang & Liu, Jianghua & Yang, Yingchun, 2012. "Impact of carbon intensity and energy security constraints on China's coal import," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 137-147.
    5. Erhu Bai & Xueyi Li & Wenbing Guo & Yi Tan & Mingjie Guo & Peng Wen & Zhibao Ma, 2022. "Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Surface Residual Deformation above Longwall Abandoned Goaf," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-16, November.
    6. Tang, Erzi & Peng, Chong, 2017. "A macro- and microeconomic analysis of coal production in China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 234-242.
    7. Lin, Boqiang & Ouyang, Xiaoling, 2014. "Analysis of energy-related CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions and reduction potential in the Chinese non-metallic mineral products industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 688-697.
    8. Dmitry Alexandrovich Izotov, 2012. "Russian – Chinese Trade and Exchange Rate," Spatial Economics=Prostranstvennaya Ekonomika, Economic Research Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Khabarovsk, Russia), issue 3, pages 34-54.
    9. Zhang, Yujiang & Feng, Guorui & Zhang, Min & Ren, Hongrui & Bai, Jinwen & Guo, Yuxia & Jiang, Haina & Kang, Lixun, 2016. "Residual coal exploitation and its impact on sustainable development of the coal industry in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 534-541.
    10. Yang, D.L. & Tang, G.H. & Fan, Y.H. & Li, X.L. & Wang, S.Q., 2020. "Arrangement and three-dimensional analysis of cooling wall in 1000 MW S–CO2 coal-fired boiler," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    11. Xu Tang & Benjamin C. McLellan & Simon Snowden & Baosheng Zhang & Mikael Höök, 2015. "Dilemmas for China: Energy, Economy and Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-13, May.
    12. Wang, Jianzhou & Dong, Yao & Wu, Jie & Mu, Ren & Jiang, He, 2011. "Coal production forecast and low carbon policies in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(10), pages 5970-5979, October.
    13. Yu Hao & Shang Gao & Yunxia Guo & Zhiqiang Gai & Haitao Wu, 2021. "Measuring the nexus between economic development and environmental quality based on environmental Kuznets curve: a comparative study between China and Germany for the period of 2000–2017," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(11), pages 16848-16873, November.
    14. Wang, Feng & Wu, Min & Du, Xuyang, 2023. "Does industrial upgrading improve eco-efficiency? Evidence from China's industrial sector," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    15. Lin, Boqiang & Wang, Ting, 2012. "Forecasting natural gas supply in China: Production peak and import trends," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 225-233.
    16. Rebecca E. Atanga & Edward L. Boone & Ryad A. Ghanam & Ben Stewart-Koster, 2021. "Optimal Sampling Regimes for Estimating Population Dynamics," Stats, MDPI, vol. 4(2), pages 1-17, April.
    17. Zehua Yu & Zheng Li & Linwei Ma, 2023. "Strategies for the Resilience of Power-Coal Supply Chains in Low-Carbon Energy Transition: A System Dynamics Model and Scenario Analysis of China up to 2060," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-19, April.
    18. Chengjin Wang & César Ducruet, 2014. "Transport corridors and regional balance in China: the case of coal trade and logistics," Post-Print halshs-01069149, HAL.
    19. Höök, Mikael & Tang, Xu, 2013. "Depletion of fossil fuels and anthropogenic climate change—A review," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 797-809.
    20. Wang, Ting & Lin, Boqiang, 2014. "Impacts of unconventional gas development on China׳s natural gas production and import," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 546-554.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:14:p:11346-:d:1198974. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.