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Characterization and Risk Assessment of Different-Origin Biochars Applied in Agricultural Experiments

Author

Listed:
  • Maria A. Lilli

    (School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece)

  • Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis

    (School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece)

  • Konstantinos Lionoudakis

    (School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece)

  • Maria L. Saru

    (School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece)

  • Styliani Voutsadaki

    (School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece)

  • Anna Kritikaki

    (School of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece)

  • Konstantinos Komnitsas

    (School of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece)

  • Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis

    (School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece)

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the impacts of biochar amendments derived from different feedstocks (sewage sludge (SS), olive-mill waste (OMW), compost, and sawdust) in land applications. Tomatoes were used as a test crop in four experiments both under greenhouse and field conditions. SS, OMW, and compost biochar treatments presented 17% to 178.5% higher tomato productivity than control, verifying that biochar behaves as a plant-growth bio-stimulant. This impact is related to the raw material since sawdust biochar did not present results as positive as the other types of biochars. The physicochemical characterization of biochars and their comparison with international and European standards confirmed the safety of their use. A risk-assessment analysis of tomato consumption was conducted in order to explore unfavorable effects on human health. The estimation of cumulative non-carcinogenic risk, found to be between 8.25 × 10 −3 and 4.23 × 10 −2 , and cancer risk for Cr(VI), found to be between 6.56 × 10 −6 and 5.2 × 10 −5 , suggested no risk of potential chronic exposure due to tomato consumption cultivated in biochar-amended soils. This study may be used as a recommendation for farmers and agriculturists for maximizing the yield of agricultural crops in the Mediterranean region, improving soil health, and contributing to the sustainable management of agroecosystems.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria A. Lilli & Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis & Konstantinos Lionoudakis & Maria L. Saru & Styliani Voutsadaki & Anna Kritikaki & Konstantinos Komnitsas & Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis, 2023. "Characterization and Risk Assessment of Different-Origin Biochars Applied in Agricultural Experiments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-16, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:11:p:9036-:d:1163010
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Despina Vamvuka & Katerina Esser & Kostas Komnitsas, 2020. "Investigating the Suitability of Grape Husks Biochar, Municipal Solid Wastes Compost and Mixtures of Them for Agricultural Applications to Mediterranean Soils," Resources, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-14, March.
    2. Simon Kizito & Hongzhen Luo & Jiaxin Lu & Hamidou Bah & Renjie Dong & Shubiao Wu, 2019. "Role of Nutrient-Enriched Biochar as a Soil Amendment during Maize Growth: Exploring Practical Alternatives to Recycle Agricultural Residuals and to Reduce Chemical Fertilizer Demand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-22, June.
    3. Jorge Paz-Ferreiro & Aurora Nieto & Ana Méndez & Matthew Peter James Askeland & Gabriel Gascó, 2018. "Biochar from Biosolids Pyrolysis: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-16, May.
    4. Georgios Bartzas & Konstantinos Komnitsas, 2020. "Environmental Risk Assessment in Agriculture: The Example of Pistacia vera L. Cultivation in Greece," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-20, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marta Wyzińska & Adam Kleofas Berbeć & Jerzy Grabiński, 2023. "Impact of Biochar Dose and Origin on Winter Wheat Grain Quality and Quantity," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, December.

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