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Role of Landscape and Land-Use Transformation on Nonpoint Source Pollution and Runoff Distribution in the Dongsheng Basin, China

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  • Nametso Matomela

    (School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Tianxin Li

    (School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Peng Zhang

    (Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Harrison Odion Ikhumhen

    (College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China)

  • Namir Domingos Raimundo Lopes

    (School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China)

Abstract

Non-point source pollution (NSP) and runoff intensities and distribution are primarily affected by landscape structure and composition. Multiple causalities hinder our ability to determine significant variables that influence NSP. Therefore, we developed an approach that integrates the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), random forest regression model, redundancy analysis, and correlation coefficient to assess the role of landscape structure on runoff and NSP in the Dongsheng basin. We used R to calculate landscape metrics and the SWAT to simulate NSP loads from 1990 to 2019. redundancy analysis (RDA), random forest, and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the relationships among landscape metrics and NSP variables. The largest patch index (LPI) shows a significant negative correlation with NSP, with an R2 of −0.58 for TP and TN and −0.62 for sediment load. The findings indicate that landscapes with larger patch sizes, a high number of patches, and aggregation of patches largely influence pollution distribution. Overall, the results suggest that the role of landscape patterns on NSP outweighs that of runoff. Moreover, the findings infer that the aggregation and connectivity of forest patches contribute to the decline in NSP load and vice versa for cropland cover. Thus, for sustainable watershed management, it is crucial to encourage unfragmented landscapes, especially pollutant-intercepting landcovers such as forests.

Suggested Citation

  • Nametso Matomela & Tianxin Li & Peng Zhang & Harrison Odion Ikhumhen & Namir Domingos Raimundo Lopes, 2023. "Role of Landscape and Land-Use Transformation on Nonpoint Source Pollution and Runoff Distribution in the Dongsheng Basin, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-19, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:10:p:8325-:d:1151409
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gérard Biau & Erwan Scornet, 2016. "Rejoinder on: A random forest guided tour," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 25(2), pages 264-268, June.
    2. Yu Song & Xiaodong Song & Guofan Shao, 2020. "Response of Water Quality to Landscape Patterns in an Urbanized Watershed in Hangzhou, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-17, July.
    3. Gérard Biau & Erwan Scornet, 2016. "A random forest guided tour," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 25(2), pages 197-227, June.
    4. Peixuan Cheng & Fansheng Meng & Yeyao Wang & Lingsong Zhang & Qi Yang & Mingcen Jiang, 2018. "The Impacts of Land Use Patterns on Water Quality in a Trans-Boundary River Basin in Northeast China Based on Eco-Functional Regionalization," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-29, August.
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