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Recent Advances in Alternative Cementitious Materials for Nuclear Waste Immobilization: A Review

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  • Nailia Rakhimova

    (Department of Building Materials, Institute of Building Technology, Engineering and Ecology Systems, Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering, 420043 Kazan, Russia)

Abstract

Since the emergence of the problem of nuclear waste conditioning, cementation has become an important and developing part of the waste management system, owing to its simplicity and versatility. The continued development of the cementation technique is driven by the improvement and expansion of cementitious materials that are suitable and efficient for nuclear waste solidification. Advances in cement theory and technology have significantly impacted improvements in nuclear waste cementation technology, the quality of fresh and hardened waste forms, waste loading rates, and the reliability and sustainability of the nuclear industry. Modern mineral matrices for nuclear waste immobilization are a broad class of materials with diverse chemical–mineralogical compositions, high encapsulation capacities, and technological and engineering performance. These matrices include not only traditional Portland cement, but also non-Portland clinker inorganic binders. This review focuses on recent trends and achievements in the development of calcium aluminate, calcium sulfoaluminate, phosphate, magnesium silicate, and alkali-activated cements as cementitious matrices for nuclear waste stabilization/solidification.

Suggested Citation

  • Nailia Rakhimova, 2022. "Recent Advances in Alternative Cementitious Materials for Nuclear Waste Immobilization: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-25, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2022:i:1:p:689-:d:1020702
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rehab O. Abdel Rahman & Michael I. Ojovan, 2021. "Toward Sustainable Cementitious Radioactive Waste Forms: Immobilization of Problematic Operational Wastes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-25, October.
    2. Svetlana A. Kulikova & Kseniya Yu. Belova & Ekaterina A. Tyupina & Sergey E. Vinokurov, 2020. "Conditioning of Spent Electrolyte Surrogate LiCl-KCl-CsCl Using Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Compound," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-11, April.
    3. Lappi, Pauli & Lintunen, Jussi, 2021. "From cradle to grave? On optimal nuclear waste disposal," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    4. Mikołaj Oettingen, 2022. "The Application of Radiochemical Measurements of PWR Spent Fuel for the Validation of Burnup Codes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-15, April.
    5. Michael I. Ojovan & Hans J. Steinmetz, 2022. "Approaches to Disposal of Nuclear Waste," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-23, October.
    6. Przemysław Stanisz & Mikołaj Oettingen & Jerzy Cetnar, 2022. "Development of a Trajectory Period Folding Method for Burnup Calculations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-15, March.
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