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Toward Sustainable Cementitious Radioactive Waste Forms: Immobilization of Problematic Operational Wastes

Author

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  • Rehab O. Abdel Rahman

    (Hot Laboratory Center, Atomic Energy Authority of Egypt, Cairo 13759, Egypt)

  • Michael I. Ojovan

    (Department of Materials, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
    Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IGEM RAS), 119017 Moscow, Russia)

Abstract

Developing effective radioactive waste management practices is essential for ensuring the sustainability of the nuclear industry. The immobilization of radioactive wastes is one of the main activities conducted during the management of these wastes; it aims to produce a durable waste form that has sustainable performance over long periods of time. In this work, the challenges that face the design of durable cementitious waste forms are addressed for problematic operational wastes. In this respect, the problematic characteristics of evaporator concentrates, spent ion exchangers, and organic liquid wastes are overviewed, and the factors that affect the durability of their cementitious waste forms are identified. A summary of potential conventional and innovative cementitious matrices is presented by reviewing the cementation practices in national programs and recent research devoted to developing durable matrices. Finally, a guide to optimize the mix design of these waste forms was proposed that includes the selection of the testing procedure, factors that affect the waste form performance, and the optimization technique. This guide was presented with special focus on leaching tests, which are a means to test the stabilization performance of nuclear waste forms.

Suggested Citation

  • Rehab O. Abdel Rahman & Michael I. Ojovan, 2021. "Toward Sustainable Cementitious Radioactive Waste Forms: Immobilization of Problematic Operational Wastes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-25, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:11992-:d:668117
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Unknown, 2016. "Energy for Sustainable Development," Conference Proceedings 253270, Guru Arjan Dev Institute of Development Studies (IDSAsr).
    2. Joshua M. Pearce, 2012. "Limitations of Nuclear Power as a Sustainable Energy Source," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 4(6), pages 1-15, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nailia Rakhimova, 2022. "Recent Advances in Alternative Cementitious Materials for Nuclear Waste Immobilization: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-25, December.
    2. Esther Phillip & Thye Foo Choo & Nurul Wahida Ahmad Khairuddin & Rehab O. Abdel Rahman, 2023. "On the Sustainable Utilization of Geopolymers for Safe Management of Radioactive Waste: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-30, January.
    3. Marina Palamarchuk & Maxim Chervonetskiy & Natalya Polkanova & Svetlana Bratskaya, 2023. "Toward Deep Decontamination of Intermediate-Level-Activity Spent Ion-Exchange Resins Containing Poorly Soluble Inorganic Deposits," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, February.

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