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Sub- and Near-Critical Hydrothermal Carbonization of Animal Manures

Author

Listed:
  • Kyoung S. Ro

    (USDA Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water & Plant Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA)

  • Michael A. Jackson

    (USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA)

  • Ariel A. Szogi

    (USDA Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water & Plant Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA)

  • David L. Compton

    (USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA)

  • Bryan R. Moser

    (USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA)

  • Nicole D. Berge

    (Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA)

Abstract

To produce hydrochar with less volatile matter (VM) and more fixed carbon (FC) to increase its stability, this study compared the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of hen (HM) and swine (SM) manures at typical HTC sub-critical temperature of 210 °C and slightly super-critical temperature of 400 °C. Physico-chemical properties such as proximate analysis; ultimate analysis; Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area; higher heating value ( HHV ); chemical oxygen demand ( COD ); and inorganic nutrients of hydrochar, gaseous, and liquid products were determined. As expected, both VM and yield decreased with temperature. The heats of HTC reactions were estimated to be exothermic, ranging from −5.7 to −8.6 MJ/kg. The FC approximately doubled, while VM significantly decreased with a yield of 42.7%, suggesting the high potential of producing more stable hydrochar via near-critical HTC (NCHTC) treatment of SM. Additional work is needed before recommendations on carbonization temperatures can be made. Specifically, there is a need to experimentally investigate how the chars produced from each carbonization condition influence plant growth and soil emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Kyoung S. Ro & Michael A. Jackson & Ariel A. Szogi & David L. Compton & Bryan R. Moser & Nicole D. Berge, 2022. "Sub- and Near-Critical Hydrothermal Carbonization of Animal Manures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:9:p:5052-:d:799986
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Seung-Yong Oh & Young-Man Yoon, 2017. "Energy Recovery Efficiency of Poultry Slaughterhouse Sludge Cake by Hydrothermal Carbonization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-13, November.
    2. Marin-Batista, J.D. & Villamil, J.A. & Qaramaleki, S.V. & Coronella, C.J. & Mohedano, A.F. & Rubia, M.A. de la, 2020. "Energy valorization of cow manure by hydrothermal carbonization and anaerobic digestion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 623-632.
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