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The Large-Scale Effect of Forest Cover on Long-Term Streamflow Variations in Mediterranean Catchments of Central Chile

Author

Listed:
  • Roberto Pizarro

    (UNESCO Chair Surface Hydrology, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
    Centro Nacional de Excelencia para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
    Faculty of Forest Engineering and Nature Conservancy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile)

  • Rodrigo Valdés-Pineda

    (Piteau Associates, Water Management Group, 2500 North Tucson Boulevard, Suite 100, Tucson, AZ 85716, USA
    Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA)

  • Pablo A. Garcia-Chevesich

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
    Intergubernmental Hydrological Programme, UNESCO, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay)

  • Alfredo Ibáñez

    (Centro Nacional de Excelencia para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile)

  • Juan Pino

    (Dirección de Transferencia Tecnológica, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile)

  • David F. Scott

    (Department of Earth, Environmental, and Geographic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada)

  • Daniel G. Neary

    (Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Flagstaff, AZ 86004, USA)

  • John E. McCray

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA)

  • Miguel Castillo

    (Faculty of Forest Engineering and Nature Conservancy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile)

  • Patricio Ubilla

    (Dirección General de Aguas, Santiago, Chile)

Abstract

Forest ecosystems play an important role in hydrological processes as surface and subsurface runoff, as well as the storage of water at the catchment scale. Therefore, it is important to have a greater understanding of the effects of forests in the long-term water balance of Mediterranean catchments. In this sense, this study evaluates the effect of native forests, forest plantations, and the combination of both, on long-term streamflow variations in central Chile, an unusual area of Mediterranean climate characterized by a well-marked annual cycle with dry summers and wet winters. Thus, the temporal pattern of monthly streamflow was evaluated for mean flow (Qmean), maximum flow (Qmax), and minimum flow (Qmin) in 42 large-scale (>200 km 2 ) Mediterranean catchments. Each series of monthly streamflow data was QA/QC, and then evaluated using the Mann–Kendall’s non-parametric statistical test to detect temporal variations between 1994 and 2015. In addition to the previous analysis, the monthly series were grouped into wet seasons (April–September) and dry seasons (October–April), to determine if there were any significant differences within the annual hydrological cycle. The areas covered with native and forest plantations and their relative changes were evaluated for each catchment through streamflow variations and forest cover indicators. Results revealed that streamflow variations are positive and significant when more forest cover exists. The intra-catchment relationships assessed for both species revealed the significant role of native forests and mixed masses as key ecosystems for the long-term conservation of summer streamflow in Mediterranean catchments of central Chile. These findings encourage an urgent need to create highland afforestation programs on degraded areas of central Chile, to maximize water storage in a region that is quickly drying out due to unsustainable water and land use management practices and the effects of global warming.

Suggested Citation

  • Roberto Pizarro & Rodrigo Valdés-Pineda & Pablo A. Garcia-Chevesich & Alfredo Ibáñez & Juan Pino & David F. Scott & Daniel G. Neary & John E. McCray & Miguel Castillo & Patricio Ubilla, 2022. "The Large-Scale Effect of Forest Cover on Long-Term Streamflow Variations in Mediterranean Catchments of Central Chile," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-21, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:8:p:4443-:d:789583
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert Heilmayr & Cristian Echeverría & Eric F. Lambin, 2020. "Impacts of Chilean forest subsidies on forest cover, carbon and biodiversity," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 3(9), pages 701-709, September.
    2. Kristin M. Mikkelson & Eric R. V. Dickenson & Reed M. Maxwell & John E. McCray & Jonathan O. Sharp, 2013. "Water-quality impacts from climate-induced forest die-off," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 3(3), pages 218-222, March.
    3. Mojtaba Shadmani & Safar Marofi & Majid Roknian, 2012. "Trend Analysis in Reference Evapotranspiration Using Mann-Kendall and Spearman’s Rho Tests in Arid Regions of Iran," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(1), pages 211-224, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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