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A Study on the Impact of Population Age Structure Change on Economic Growth in China

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  • Zhiwei Liu

    (School of Economics and Management, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277800, China)

  • Yonglei Fang

    (School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China)

  • Lei Ma

    (School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China)

Abstract

In the process of changes in total population, structure, and spatial distribution, it is essential to investigate the inner rules of the harmonious correlation between population and development. Thus, this study examines the correlation between demographic variables (e.g., delayed retirement, total fertility rate, and life expectancy) and economic development in China based on the overlapping generations (OLG) model and numerical simulation method. The findings reveal the following: (1) total social output level positively correlates with survival probability; (2) the contribution of the aging labor force (retirement age delay) to the total output is significant and an essential source of sustainable economic growth; (3) aggregate output increases first and then decreases with the increase in individual pension contributions rate, and the correlation between the two is a ∩-shaped curve. The policy implications of this study are that China’s economic transformation is a general trend, which should promote the upgrading of the demographic dividend from quantitative type to qualitative type and tap the human capital potential to increase the capital-based demographic dividend and activate the gender dividend.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhiwei Liu & Yonglei Fang & Lei Ma, 2022. "A Study on the Impact of Population Age Structure Change on Economic Growth in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:3711-:d:776430
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    4. Miao He & Junli Huang & Ruyi Sun, 2023. "Forecast of Advanced Human Capital Gap Based on PSO-BP Neural Network and Coordination Pathway: Example of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, March.

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