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Energy Balance, Productivity and Resource-Use Efficiency of Diverse Sustainable Intensification Options of Rainfed Lowland Rice Systems under Different Fertility Scenarios

Author

Listed:
  • Teekam Singh

    (Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
    Regional Rainfed Lowland Rice Research Station, Gerua, Kamrup 781102, India)

  • Ram Swaroop Bana

    (Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India)

  • Bhabani Sankar Satapathy

    (Regional Rainfed Lowland Rice Research Station, Gerua, Kamrup 781102, India
    ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India)

  • Banwari Lal

    (Regional Rainfed Lowland Rice Research Station, Gerua, Kamrup 781102, India
    ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Regional Centre, Bikaner 334006, India)

  • Akshay Kumar Yogi

    (Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India)

  • Raj Singh

    (Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India)

Abstract

Rice-based cropping systems (RBCS) are a kingpin of global food security and rice fallow is one of the largest (>14 m ha) RBCS. A three-year study was carried out to develop sustainable intensification options and efficient nutrient management protocols of RBCS with greater water and energy productivity and more profits. Rice-lentil, rice-linseed and rice-rapeseed systems were tested in a split-plot design with nutrient management practices involving fertilizer levels (50%, 75% and 100% recommended fertilizer dose; RDF), green manuring with Sesbania (SGM) and rice residue incorporation (RRI). The results indicated that SGM produced significantly better rice productivity, enhanced 6.4–22.7% yield of succeeding crops and increased profits by ~20%. Application of 75 or 100% of RDF produced 24.5–30.3% higher grain yield of rabi crops. System intensification resulted in an additional rice equivalent yield (REY) of ~1–1.6 t ha −1 . SGM consumed relatively more energy (76,793 MJ ha −1 ) but at the same time, resulted in higher energy output (182,657 MJ ha −1 ), net energy (105,864 MJ ha −1 ), energy intensity (1.68 MJ INR −1 ) and human energy profitability (787) than the RRI. However, RRI recorded a higher energy ratio (2.42), energy productivity (0.082 kg MJ −1 ) and energy profitability (1.42 kg MJ −1 ). The rice-linseed cropping system resulted in greater system productivity, higher energy output (186,305 MJ ha −1 ) and net energy (112,029 MJ ha −1 ) than other systems. Overall, considering energy productivity, resource-use efficiency and profits, a rice-linseed system coupled with SGM and 75% RDF may be recommended as a sustainable intensification option in RBCS.

Suggested Citation

  • Teekam Singh & Ram Swaroop Bana & Bhabani Sankar Satapathy & Banwari Lal & Akshay Kumar Yogi & Raj Singh, 2022. "Energy Balance, Productivity and Resource-Use Efficiency of Diverse Sustainable Intensification Options of Rainfed Lowland Rice Systems under Different Fertility Scenarios," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:3657-:d:775672
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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