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Charge Scheduling Optimization of Plug-In Electric Vehicle in a PV Powered Grid-Connected Charging Station Based on Day-Ahead Solar Energy Forecasting in Australia

Author

Listed:
  • Sheik Mohammed S.

    (Electrical and Electronic Engineering Programme Area, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei)

  • Femin Titus

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam 691005, Kerala, India)

  • Sudhakar Babu Thanikanti

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 500075, Telangana, India)

  • Sulaiman S. M.

    (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Srivilliputhur 626128, Tamil Nādu, India)

  • Sanchari Deb

    (School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK)

  • Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar

    (School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong)

Abstract

Optimal charge scheduling of electric vehicles in solar-powered charging stations based on day-ahead forecasting of solar power generation is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm’s major objective is to schedule EV charging based on the availability of solar PV power to minimize the total charging costs. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is validated for a small-scale system with a capacity of 3.45 kW and a single charging point, and the annual cost analysis is carried out by modelling a 65 kWp solar-powered EV charging station The reliability and cost saving of the proposed optimal scheduling algorithm along with the integration and the solar PV system is validated for a charging station with a 65 kW solar PV system having charging points with different charging powers. A comprehensive comparison of uncontrolled charging, optimal charging without solar PV system, and optimal charging with solar PV system for different vehicles and different time slots are presented and discussed. From the results, it can be realized that the proposed charging algorithm reduces the overall charging cost from 10–20% without a PV system, and while integrating a solar PV system with the proposed charging method, a cost saving of 50–100% can be achieved. Based on the selected location, system size, and charging points, it is realized that the annual charging cost under an uncontrolled approach is AUS $28,131. On the other hand, vehicle charging becomes completely sustainable with net-zero energy consumption from the grid and net annual revenue of AUS $28,134.445 can be generated by the operator. New South Wales (NSW), Australia is selected as the location for the study. For the analysis Time-Of-Use pricing (ToUP) scheme and solar feed-in tariff of New South Wales (NSW), Australia is adopted, and the daily power generation of the PV system is computed using the real-time data on an hourly basis for the selected location. The power forecasting is carried out using an ANN-based forecast model and is developed using MATLAB and trained using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. Overall, a prediction accuracy of 99.61% was achieved using the selected algorithm.

Suggested Citation

  • Sheik Mohammed S. & Femin Titus & Sudhakar Babu Thanikanti & Sulaiman S. M. & Sanchari Deb & Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, 2022. "Charge Scheduling Optimization of Plug-In Electric Vehicle in a PV Powered Grid-Connected Charging Station Based on Day-Ahead Solar Energy Forecasting in Australia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:3498-:d:772636
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jose Manuel Barrera & Alejandro Reina & Alejandro Maté & Juan Carlos Trujillo, 2020. "Solar Energy Prediction Model Based on Artificial Neural Networks and Open Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-20, August.
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    4. Ghotge, Rishabh & van Wijk, Ad & Lukszo, Zofia, 2021. "Off-grid solar charging of electric vehicles at long-term parking locations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    5. Nunes, Pedro & Figueiredo, Raquel & Brito, Miguel C., 2016. "The use of parking lots to solar-charge electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 679-693.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gülsah Erdogan & Wiem Fekih Hassen, 2023. "Charging Scheduling of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for EV Charging Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-29, September.
    2. Simone Balmelli & Francesco Moresino, 2023. "Coordination of Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging in a Stochastic Framework: A Decentralized Tax/Incentive-Based Mechanism to Reach Global Optimality," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-24, February.
    3. Yang, Zhichun & Yang, Fan & Min, Huaidong & Tian, Hao & Hu, Wei & Liu, Jian & Eghbalian, Nasrin, 2023. "Energy management programming to reduce distribution network operating costs in the presence of electric vehicles and renewable energy sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    4. Jaikumar Shanmuganathan & Aruldoss Albert Victoire & Gobu Balraj & Amalraj Victoire, 2022. "Deep Learning LSTM Recurrent Neural Network Model for Prediction of Electric Vehicle Charging Demand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-28, August.

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