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Ecotourism as a Resource Sharing Strategy: Case Study of Community-Based Ecotourism at the Tangkahan Buffer Zone of Leuser National Park, Langkat District, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Author

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  • Wiratno Wiratno

    (Doctoral Programme on Environmental Studies, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia)

  • Susanti Withaningsih

    (Doctoral Programme on Environmental Studies, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
    Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
    Center for Environment and Sustainability Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia)

  • Budhi Gunawan

    (Doctoral Programme on Environmental Studies, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
    Center for Environment and Sustainability Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
    Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia)

  • Johan Iskandar

    (Doctoral Programme on Environmental Studies, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
    Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
    Center for Environment and Sustainability Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia)

Abstract

The local community is an essential and key partner in managing protected areas, especially for national parks in Indonesia. Therefore, there is a need to establish adaptive collaborative management (ACM) between the park authorities and the local community. In 2000, several local leaders established a new organization to develop an ecotourism package called the Tangkahan Ecotourism Organization or Lembaga Pariwisata Tangkahan (LPT) and set up the Community Tour Operator to manage the ecotourism activities. Our study used a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis through focus group discussions (FGDs), interviews with related stakeholders and key informants, and carried out a literature review. It was found that ensuring local community could generate alternative income from ecotourism was an effective way to protect the park from any illegal activities. Additionally, the results about sustainability from the FGDs show that all three categories: Social Process, Adaptive Natural Resource Management, and Impact/Condition are interrelated, meaning that the collaboration and adaptive management in Tangkahan have resulted in high levels of humanistic well-being and the maintenance of ecological values, supporting collaboration processes and adaptive levels. Finally, our study can be used as a basis for a model of national parks focusing on ACM.

Suggested Citation

  • Wiratno Wiratno & Susanti Withaningsih & Budhi Gunawan & Johan Iskandar, 2022. "Ecotourism as a Resource Sharing Strategy: Case Study of Community-Based Ecotourism at the Tangkahan Buffer Zone of Leuser National Park, Langkat District, North Sumatra, Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:3399-:d:771088
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    1. Hunggul Yudono Setio Hadi Nugroho & Fitri Nurfatriani & Yonky Indrajaya & Tri Wira Yuwati & Sulistya Ekawati & Mimi Salminah & Hendra Gunawan & Subarudi Subarudi & Markus Kudeng Sallata & Merryana Kid, 2022. "Mainstreaming Ecosystem Services from Indonesia’s Remaining Forests," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-39, September.
    2. Dhiaulhaq, Ahmad & Hepp, Catherine M. & Adjoffoin, Laetitia M. & Ehowe, Corine & Assembe-Mvondo, Samuel & Wong, Grace Y., 2024. "Environmental justice and human well-being bundles in protected areas: An assessment in Campo Ma'an landscape, Cameroon," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    3. Clara Cordon & Beatriz Carmena & Martín C. Giménez & José L. García & Carlos Calderon-Guerrero, 2023. "Evolution of Ecotourism in Coastal Indigenous Communities: Comparison of the Case Studies of La Ventanilla and La Escobilla in Oaxaca, Mexico," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-21, January.

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