IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i24p16841-d1004369.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Evaluation of Alternative Fuels for Coastal Ferries

Author

Listed:
  • Andres Laasma

    (Kihnu Veeteed AS, Papiniidu 5, 80023 Pärnu, Estonia
    Estonian Maritime Academy, Tallinn University of Technology, Kopli 101, 11712 Tallinn, Estonia)

  • Riina Otsason

    (Estonian Maritime Academy, Tallinn University of Technology, Kopli 101, 11712 Tallinn, Estonia
    Baltic Workboats AS, Sadama Tee 26, 93872 Nasva, Estonia)

  • Ulla Tapaninen

    (Estonian Maritime Academy, Tallinn University of Technology, Kopli 101, 11712 Tallinn, Estonia)

  • Olli-Pekka Hilmola

    (Estonian Maritime Academy, Tallinn University of Technology, Kopli 101, 11712 Tallinn, Estonia
    Kouvola Unit, LUT University, Tykkitie 1, 45100 Kouvola, Finland)

Abstract

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and European Union (EU) have set targets to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Focusing on ships above 5000 GT, their measures exclude several ship types, such as fishing vessels, offshore ships, and yachts. However, smaller ships generate 15–20% of the total GHG emissions. Multiple potential fuel alternatives are already in use or have been investigated to minimize carbon emissions for coastal ferries. This study evaluates the possibility of using alternative fuels for small ferries by seven different parameters: technical readiness, presence of regulations, GHG emission reduction effectiveness (with two different criteria), capital expenditure (Capex), operating expenditure (Opex), and ice navigation ability. The assessment is based on an evaluation of state-of-the-art literature as well as second-hand statistics and press releases. The study also reports the most recent implementations in each alternative technology area. As a result, it was found that although there are several measures with high potential for the future, the most feasible fuel alternatives for coastal ferries would be fully electric or diesel-electric hybrid solutions.

Suggested Citation

  • Andres Laasma & Riina Otsason & Ulla Tapaninen & Olli-Pekka Hilmola, 2022. "Evaluation of Alternative Fuels for Coastal Ferries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:24:p:16841-:d:1004369
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/24/16841/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/24/16841/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jessica Kersey & Natalie D. Popovich & Amol A. Phadke, 2022. "Rapid battery cost declines accelerate the prospects of all-electric interregional container shipping," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 7(7), pages 664-674, July.
    2. Li Chin Law & Beatrice Foscoli & Epaminondas Mastorakos & Stephen Evans, 2021. "A Comparison of Alternative Fuels for Shipping in Terms of Lifecycle Energy and Cost," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-32, December.
    3. Al-Wreikat, Yazan & Serrano, Clara & Sodré, José Ricardo, 2022. "Effects of ambient temperature and trip characteristics on the energy consumption of an electric vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PC).
    4. Grusche J. Seithe & Alexandra Bonou & Dimitrios Giannopoulos & Chariklia A. Georgopoulou & Maria Founti, 2020. "Maritime Transport in a Life Cycle Perspective: How Fuels, Vessel Types, and Operational Profiles Influence Energy Demand and Greenhouse Gas Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-20, May.
    5. Korberg, A.D. & Brynolf, S. & Grahn, M. & Skov, I.R., 2021. "Techno-economic assessment of advanced fuels and propulsion systems in future fossil-free ships," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    6. Masih, A. Mansur M. & Albinali, Khaled & DeMello, Lurion, 2010. "Price dynamics of natural gas and the regional methanol markets," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 1372-1378, March.
    7. Yifan Wang & Laurence A. Wright, 2021. "A Comparative Review of Alternative Fuels for the Maritime Sector: Economic, Technology, and Policy Challenges for Clean Energy Implementation," World, MDPI, vol. 2(4), pages 1-26, October.
    8. Liimatainen, Heikki & van Vliet, Oscar & Aplyn, David, 2019. "The potential of electric trucks – An international commodity-level analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 804-814.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li Chin Law & Epaminondas Mastorakos & Stephen Evans, 2022. "Estimates of the Decarbonization Potential of Alternative Fuels for Shipping as a Function of Vessel Type, Cargo, and Voyage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-26, October.
    2. Kanchiralla, Fayas Malik & Brynolf, Selma & Olsson, Tobias & Ellis, Joanne & Hansson, Julia & Grahn, Maria, 2023. "How do variations in ship operation impact the techno-economic feasibility and environmental performance of fossil-free fuels? A life cycle study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    3. Daniel Rasbash & Kevin Joseph Dillman & Jukka Heinonen & Eyjólfur Ingi Ásgeirsson, 2023. "A National and Regional Greenhouse Gas Breakeven Assessment of EVs across North America," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-26, January.
    4. Nestor Goicoechea & Luis María Abadie, 2021. "Optimal Slow Steaming Speed for Container Ships under the EU Emission Trading System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-25, November.
    5. Olayiwola Alatise & Arkadeep Deb & Erfan Bashar & Jose Ortiz Gonzalez & Saeed Jahdi & Walid Issa, 2023. "A Review of Power Electronic Devices for Heavy Goods Vehicles Electrification: Performance and Reliability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-25, May.
    6. Korberg, Andrei David & Skov, Iva Ridjan & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2020. "The role of biogas and biogas-derived fuels in a 100% renewable energy system in Denmark," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    7. Fredrik von Malmborg, 2024. "Tapping the Conversation on the Meaning of Decarbonization: Discourses and Discursive Agency in EU Politics on Low-Carbon Fuels for Maritime Shipping," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-36, June.
    8. Yu, Shaohua & Puchinger, Jakob & Sun, Shudong, 2024. "Electric van-based robot deliveries with en-route charging," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 317(3), pages 806-826.
    9. Sun, Xilei & Fu, Jianqin, 2024. "Many-objective optimization of BEV design parameters based on gradient boosting decision tree models and the NSGA-III algorithm considering the ambient temperature," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    10. Calise, Francesco & Cappiello, Francesco Liberato & Cimmino, Luca & Dentice d’Accadia, Massimo & Vicidomini, Maria, 2024. "A solar-assisted liquefied biomethane production by anaerobic digestion: Dynamic simulations for harbors," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    11. Mehdi Jahangir Samet & Heikki Liimatainen & Oscar Patrick René van Vliet & Markus Pöllänen, 2021. "Road Freight Transport Electrification Potential by Using Battery Electric Trucks in Finland and Switzerland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-22, February.
    12. Fady M. A. Hassouna, 2022. "Urban Freight Transport Electrification in Westbank, Palestine: Environmental and Economic Benefits," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-12, June.
    13. Akbar Komijani & Nadiya Gandali Alikhani & Esmaeil Naderi, 2013. "The Long-run and Short-run Effects of Crude Oil Price on Methanol Market in Iran," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 3(1), pages 43-50.
    14. Christina Littlejohn & Stef Proost, 2022. "How to be a good forerunner in carbon neutral trucking," Revue d'économie industrielle, De Boeck Université, vol. 0(2), pages 167-197.
    15. Sun, Xilei & Zhou, Feng & Fu, Jianqin & Liu, Jingping, 2024. "Experiment and simulation study on energy flow characteristics of a battery electric vehicle throughout the entire driving range in low-temperature conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    16. Vinicius Andrade dos Santos & Patrícia Pereira da Silva & Luís Manuel Ventura Serrano, 2022. "The Maritime Sector and Its Problematic Decarbonization: A Systematic Review of the Contribution of Alternative Fuels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-30, May.
    17. Ahmed, Shoaib & Li, Tie & Yi, Ping & Chen, Run, 2023. "Environmental impact assessment of green ammonia-powered very large tanker ship for decarbonized future shipping operations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    18. Marcin Kolodziejski & Iwona Michalska-Pozoga, 2023. "Battery Energy Storage Systems in Ships’ Hybrid/Electric Propulsion Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-24, January.
    19. Azra Ghobadi & Mohammad Fallah & Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam & Hamed Kazemipoor, 2022. "A Fuzzy Two-Echelon Model to Optimize Energy Consumption in an Urban Logistics Network with Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-31, October.
    20. Sørensen, Åse Lekang & Ludvigsen, Bjørn & Andresen, Inger, 2023. "Grid-connected cabin preheating of Electric Vehicles in cold climates – A non-flexible share of the EV energy use," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 341(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:24:p:16841-:d:1004369. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.