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Econometric and Machine Learning Methods to Identify Pedestrian Crash Patterns

Author

Listed:
  • Maria Rella Riccardi

    (Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy)

  • Francesco Galante

    (Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy)

  • Antonella Scarano

    (Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy)

  • Alfonso Montella

    (Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy)

Abstract

Walking plays an important role in overcoming many challenges nowadays, and governments and local authorities are encouraging healthy and environmentally sustainable lifestyles. Nevertheless, pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users and crashes with pedestrian involvement are a serious concern. Thus, the identification of pedestrian crash patterns is crucial to identify appropriate safety countermeasures. The aims of the study are (1) to identify the road infrastructure, environmental, vehicle, and driver-related patterns that are associated with an overrepresentation of pedestrian crashes, and (2) to identify safety countermeasures to mitigate the detected pedestrian crash patterns. The analysis carried out an econometric model, namely the mixed logit model, and the association rules and the classification tree algorithm, as machine learning tools, to analyse the patterns contributing to the overrepresentation of pedestrian crashes in Italy. The dataset consists of 874,847 crashes—including 101,032 pedestrian crashes—that occurred in Italy from 2014 to 2018. The methodological approach adopted in the study was effective in uncovering relations among road infrastructure, environmental, vehicle, and driver-related patterns, and the overrepresentation of pedestrian crashes. The mixed logit provided a clue on the impact of each pattern on the pedestrian crash occurrence, whereas the association rules and the classification tree detected the associations among the patterns with insights on how the co-occurrence of more factors could be detrimental to pedestrian safety. Drivers’ behaviour and psychophysical state turned out to be crucial patterns related to pedestrian crashes’ overrepresentation. Based on the identified crash patterns, safety countermeasures have been proposed.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Rella Riccardi & Francesco Galante & Antonella Scarano & Alfonso Montella, 2022. "Econometric and Machine Learning Methods to Identify Pedestrian Crash Patterns," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-19, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:22:p:15471-:d:979631
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jung, Soyoung & Qin, Xiao & Oh, Cheol, 2016. "Improving strategic policies for pedestrian safety enhancement using classification tree modeling," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 53-64.
    2. Natalia Casado-Sanz & Begoña Guirao & Antonio Lara Galera & Maria Attard, 2019. "Investigating the Risk Factors Associated with the Severity of the Pedestrians Injured on Spanish Crosstown Roads," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-18, September.
    3. Alfonso Montella & Salvatore Chiaradonna & Alessandro Claudi de Saint Mihiel & Gord Lovegrove & Pietro Nunziante & Maria Rella Riccardi, 2022. "Sustainable Complete Streets Design Criteria and Case Study in Naples, Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-27, October.
    4. Piotr Szagala & Andrzej Brzezinski & Mariusz Kiec & Marcin Budzynski & Joanna Wachnicka & Sylwia Pazdan, 2022. "Pedestrian Safety at Midblock Crossings on Dual Carriageway Roads in Polish Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-13, May.
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