IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i21p13767-d951640.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Solar PV-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Security Bikes: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Aqib Shafiq

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan)

  • Sheeraz Iqbal

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan)

  • Salman Habib

    (College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

  • Atiq ur Rehman

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta 87300, Pakistan)

  • Anis ur Rehman

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan)

  • Ali Selim

    (Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt)

  • Emad M. Ahmed

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
    AWCRC, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt)

  • Salah Kamel

    (Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt)

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more attractive for a variety of reasons. One of the major advantages of EVs is that they emit fewer polluted gases. Other factors that must be addressed include an increase in fuel prices and a decline in energy resources such as fossil fuels. These characteristics have a greater impact on Pakistan’s clean and green image. Electric vehicles are becoming an attractive option for reducing global fossil fuel usage, as well as CO 2 emissions, from road transportation. The electricity required to charge an EV’s battery is commonly sourced from the power grid. When EVs are charged by the electrical grid, there are significant power constraints in the system. To promote renewable energy consumption and reduce CO 2 emissions, specific solar system-based charging stations should be designed. Other benefits of renewable energy generation include increased grid flexibility and reduced grid congestion. Moreover, the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, has a huge potential for solar energy. This article investigates the possibility of designing a solar photovoltaic-based EV charging station for security bikes located in the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Before installing a PV charging station, the charging station’s feasibility must be studied. The proposed study also analyzes the power reliability, energy cost, and CO 2 emissions of a PV-powered charging station. The proposed system’s outcomes are compared to grid-based charging stations. In comparison to other existing approaches, there is a significant reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including CO 2 , CO, SO 2 , and NOX. The proposed study anticipates the economic and environmental benefits of EV charging stations powered by renewable energy resources.

Suggested Citation

  • Aqib Shafiq & Sheeraz Iqbal & Salman Habib & Atiq ur Rehman & Anis ur Rehman & Ali Selim & Emad M. Ahmed & Salah Kamel, 2022. "Solar PV-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Security Bikes: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:21:p:13767-:d:951640
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/21/13767/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/21/13767/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hafez, Omar & Bhattacharya, Kankar, 2017. "Optimal design of electric vehicle charging stations considering various energy resources," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 576-589.
    2. Amit Kumer Podder & Sayma Afroza Supti & Sayemul Islam & Maria Malvoni & Arunkumar Jayakumar & Sanchari Deb & Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, 2021. "Feasibility Assessment of Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic-Biogas Generator Based Charging Station: A Case of Easy Bike and Auto Rickshaw Scenario in a Developing Nation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-27, December.
    3. Chandra Mouli, G.R. & Bauer, P. & Zeman, M., 2016. "System design for a solar powered electric vehicle charging station for workplaces," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 434-443.
    4. Phap Vu Minh & Sang Le Quang & Manh-Hai Pham, 2021. "Technical Economic Analysis of Photovoltaic-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Stations under Different Solar Irradiation Conditions in Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-20, March.
    5. Sheeraz Iqbal & Salman Habib & Noor Habib Khan & Muhammad Ali & Muhammad Aurangzeb & Emad M. Ahmed, 2022. "Electric Vehicles Aggregation for Frequency Control of Microgrid under Various Operation Conditions Using an Optimal Coordinated Strategy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-25, March.
    6. Anis ur Rehman & Muhammad Ali & Sheeraz Iqbal & Aqib Shafiq & Nasim Ullah & Sattam Al Otaibi, 2022. "Artificial Intelligence-Based Control and Coordination of Multiple PV Inverters for Reactive Power/Voltage Control of Power Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-13, August.
    7. Xu, Min & Meng, Qiang, 2020. "Optimal deployment of charging stations considering path deviation and nonlinear elastic demand," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 120-142.
    8. Zhang, Yue & Zhang, Qi & Farnoosh, Arash & Chen, Siyuan & Li, Yan, 2019. "GIS-Based Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization of charging stations for electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 844-853.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mohd Bilal & Ibrahim Alsaidan & Muhannad Alaraj & Fahad M. Almasoudi & Mohammad Rizwan, 2022. "Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis of Grid-Connected Electric Vehicle Charging Station Using AI-Based Algorithm," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-40, March.
    2. Aminu Bugaje & Mathias Ehrenwirth & Christoph Trinkl & Wilfried Zörner, 2021. "Electric Two-Wheeler Vehicle Integration into Rural Off-Grid Photovoltaic System in Kenya," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-27, November.
    3. Eltoumi, Fouad M. & Becherif, Mohamed & Djerdir, Abdesslem & Ramadan, Haitham.S., 2021. "The key issues of electric vehicle charging via hybrid power sources: Techno-economic viability, analysis, and recommendations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    4. George-Williams, H. & Wade, N. & Carpenter, R.N., 2022. "A probabilistic framework for the techno-economic assessment of smart energy hubs for electric vehicle charging," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    5. Schröder, M. & Abdin, Z. & Mérida, W., 2020. "Optimization of distributed energy resources for electric vehicle charging and fuel cell vehicle refueling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    6. Qiongjie Dai & Jicheng Liu & Qiushuang Wei, 2019. "Optimal Photovoltaic/Battery Energy Storage/Electric Vehicle Charging Station Design Based on Multi-Agent Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-21, April.
    7. Gheorghe Badea & Raluca-Andreea Felseghi & Mihai Varlam & Constantin Filote & Mihai Culcer & Mariana Iliescu & Maria Simona Răboacă, 2018. "Design and Simulation of Romanian Solar Energy Charging Station for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, December.
    8. Du, Zhili & Zheng, Lirong & Lin, Boqiang, 2024. "Influence of charging stations accessibility on charging stations utilization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    9. Ahmed Abdalrahman & Weihua Zhuang, 2017. "A Survey on PEV Charging Infrastructure: Impact Assessment and Planning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-25, October.
    10. Figueiredo, Raquel & Nunes, Pedro & Brito, Miguel C., 2017. "The feasibility of solar parking lots for electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 1182-1197.
    11. Jamiu O. Oladigbolu & Asad Mujeeb & Amir A. Imam & Ali Muhammad Rushdi, 2022. "Design, Technical and Economic Optimization of Renewable Energy-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Africa: The Case of Nigeria," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-32, December.
    12. Rubino, Luigi & Capasso, Clemente & Veneri, Ottorino, 2017. "Review on plug-in electric vehicle charging architectures integrated with distributed energy sources for sustainable mobility," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 438-464.
    13. Khan, Faizan A. & Mekhilef, Saad & Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K. & Ab Aziz, Nur Fadilah & Pal, Nitai & Yaseen, Aftab & Yadav, Ashiwani & Asim, Mohammed & Alshammari, Obaid, 2024. "Design and development of grid independent integrated energy system for electric vehicle charging stations at different locations in Malaysia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    14. Simon Steinschaden & José Baptista, 2020. "Development of an Efficient Tool for Solar Charging Station Management for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-21, June.
    15. Ghotge, Rishabh & van Wijk, Ad & Lukszo, Zofia, 2021. "Off-grid solar charging of electric vehicles at long-term parking locations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    16. Danijela Tuljak-Suban & Patricija Bajec, 2022. "A Hybrid DEA Approach for the Upgrade of an Existing Bike-Sharing System with Electric Bikes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-23, October.
    17. Yang, Jie & Yu, Fan & Ma, Kai & Yang, Bo & Yue, Zhiyuan, 2024. "Optimal scheduling of electric-hydrogen integrated charging station for new energy vehicles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    18. Morro-Mello, Igoor & Padilha-Feltrin, Antonio & Melo, Joel D. & Heymann, Fabian, 2021. "Spatial connection cost minimization of EV fast charging stations in electric distribution networks using local search and graph theory," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    19. Youssef Amry & Elhoussin Elbouchikhi & Franck Le Gall & Mounir Ghogho & Soumia El Hani, 2022. "Electric Vehicle Traction Drives and Charging Station Power Electronics: Current Status and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-30, August.
    20. Duan, Ditao & Poursoleiman, Roza, 2021. "Modified teaching-learning-based optimization by orthogonal learning for optimal design of an electric vehicle charging station," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:21:p:13767-:d:951640. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.