IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i20p13253-d942953.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Balance between Hosts and Guests: The Key to Sustainable Tourism in a Heritage City

Author

Listed:
  • Manuel Rama

    (CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain)

  • Emilio Carral

    (Galabra Research Group, Functional Biology Department, Ecology Section, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain)

  • Sara González-García

    (CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain)

  • Elías Torres-Feijó

    (Galabra Research Group, Galician Philology Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain)

  • Maria Luisa del Rio

    (Galabra Research Group, Business Organization and Marketing Department, Marketing and Market Research Area, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain)

  • María Teresa Moreira

    (CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain)

  • Gumersindo Feijoo

    (CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain)

Abstract

A sustainable city implies socio-economic characteristics that allow citizens to maintain a certain quality of life. However, the effect of overtourism in some tourist cities negatively affects the community. In this study, a methodology was developed to analyze how tourism affects the way of life of residents in Santiago de Compostela. This work aims to define a set of environmental and socio-economic indicators to assess the impact of tourism activity. To this end, surveys were carried out among the three groups involved in the tourism sector: Citizens, traders, and visitors. Thereby, data were collected from the responses to the surveys conducted. Finally, this set of indicators was aggregated to a sustainability score on a scale of 1 to 10. The results show a sustainability score of 6.84, and the main weak points were the mobility between the residence of citizens and peripheral areas and the change in the offerings by the commerce promoted by tourism. Consequently, this methodology is useful for policy makers when making decisions and proposing actions to foster sustainable tourism.

Suggested Citation

  • Manuel Rama & Emilio Carral & Sara González-García & Elías Torres-Feijó & Maria Luisa del Rio & María Teresa Moreira & Gumersindo Feijoo, 2022. "Balance between Hosts and Guests: The Key to Sustainable Tourism in a Heritage City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:20:p:13253-:d:942953
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/20/13253/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/20/13253/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Silvio Cristiano & Francesco Gonella, 2020. "‘Kill Venice’: a systems thinking conceptualisation of urban life, economy, and resilience in tourist cities," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 7(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Emilio V. Carral & Marisa del Río & Zósimo López, 2020. "Gastronomy and Tourism: Socioeconomic and Territorial Implications in Santiago de Compostela-Galiza (NW Spain)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-25, August.
    3. Manfred Lenzen & Ya-Yen Sun & Futu Faturay & Yuan-Peng Ting & Arne Geschke & Arunima Malik, 2018. "The carbon footprint of global tourism," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 8(6), pages 522-528, June.
    4. Teresa Barata-Salgueiro & Pedro Guimarães, 2020. "Public Policy for Sustainability and Retail Resilience in Lisbon City Center," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-22, November.
    5. Gössling, Stefan & Garrod, Brian & Aall, Carlo & Hille, John & Peeters, Paul, 2011. "Food management in tourism: Reducing tourism’s carbon ‘foodprint’," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 534-543.
    6. Susan Handy & Kelly Clifton, 2001. "Local shopping as a strategy for reducing automobile travel," Transportation, Springer, vol. 28(4), pages 317-346, November.
    7. Hannah Sharp & Josefine Grundius & Jukka Heinonen, 2016. "Carbon Footprint of Inbound Tourism to Iceland: A Consumption-Based Life-Cycle Assessment including Direct and Indirect Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-23, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Francesca Leccis, 2023. "Urban Regeneration and Touristification in the Sardinian Capital City of Cagliari, Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-29, February.
    2. Gaoguang Li & Abdol Aziz Shahraki, 2022. "Tourism Enterprises Marketing Management and Upgrading Situation of Tourist Sites to Achieve Sustainable Regional Economic Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-16, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sun, Ya-Yen & Cadarso, Maria Angeles & Driml, Sally, 2020. "Tourism carbon footprint inventories: A review of the environmentally extended input-output approach," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    2. Md. Hasanur Rahman & Liton Chandra Voumik & Md. Jamsedul Islam & Md. Abdul Halim & Miguel Angel Esquivias, 2022. "Economic Growth, Energy Mix, and Tourism-Induced EKC Hypothesis: Evidence from Top Ten Tourist Destinations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-16, December.
    3. Michał Czepkiewicz & Áróra Árnadóttir & Jukka Heinonen, 2019. "Flights Dominate Travel Emissions of Young Urbanites," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-35, November.
    4. Jing Zhang & Bing Xia, 2024. "Carbon Emissions and Its Efficiency of Tourist Hotels in China from the Supply Chain Based on the Input–Output Method and Super-SBM Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-27, October.
    5. Sharif, Arshian & Iqbal Godil, Danish & Xu, Bingjie & Sinha, Avik & Abdul Rehman Khan, Syed & Jermsittiparsert, Kittisak, 2020. "Revisiting the Role of Tourism and Globalization in Environmental Degradation in China: Fresh Insights from the Quantile ARDL Approach," MPRA Paper 101156, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2020.
    6. Chuntao Wu & Maozhu Liao & Chengliang Liu, 2019. "Acquiring and Geo-Visualizing Aviation Carbon Footprint among Urban Agglomerations in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-16, August.
    7. Gustav Engström & Johan Gars & Niko Jaakkola & Therese Lindahl & Daniel Spiro & Arthur A. van Benthem, 2020. "What Policies Address Both the Coronavirus Crisis and the Climate Crisis?," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 76(4), pages 789-810, August.
    8. Larbi Safaa & Ahmet Atalay & Daiva Makutėnienė & Dalia Perkumienė & Imane El Bouazzaoui, 2023. "Assessment of Carbon Footprint Negative Effects for Nature in International Traveling," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-14, August.
    9. Sudeshna Ghosh, 2022. "Effects of tourism on carbon dioxide emissions, a panel causality analysis with new data sets," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 3884-3906, March.
    10. Geneidy Sami El & Baumeister Stefan, 2019. "The Carbon Footprint of Volunteer Tourism," European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, Sciendo, vol. 9(2), pages 15-25, December.
    11. Sun, Ya-Yen & Gossling, Stefan & Zhou, Wanru, 2022. "Does tourism increase or decrease carbon emissions? A systematic review," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    12. Sofi, Arfat Ahmad & Bhat, Mohammad Younus & Ahmad, Laraib & Aara, Ruhi Refath & Aswani, RS, 2022. "Renewable energy and transitioning towards sustainable tourism: Inferences from kernel density and nonparametric approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 963-975.
    13. Kamruzzaman, Md. & Baker, Douglas & Washington, Simon & Turrell, Gavin, 2013. "Residential dissonance and mode choice," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 12-28.
    14. Nina Hangebruch & Frank Othengrafen, 2022. "Resilient Inner Cities: Conditions and Examples for the Transformation of Former Department Stores in Germany," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-25, July.
    15. Li, Jingjing & Kim, Changjoo & Sang, Sunhee, 2018. "Exploring impacts of land use characteristics in residential neighborhood and activity space on non-work travel behaviors," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 141-147.
    16. Cornelis Dirk van Goeverden, 2021. "The value of travel speed," Papers 2106.06599, arXiv.org.
    17. Ernestyna Szpakowska-Loranc, 2021. "Multi-Attribute Analysis of Contemporary Cultural Buildings in the Historic Urban Fabric as Sustainable Spaces—Krakow Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-25, May.
    18. Leon John Mach, 2021. "Surf Tourism in Uncertain Times: Resident Perspectives on the Sustainability Implications of COVID-19," Societies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-15, July.
    19. Vance, Colin & Procher, Vivien, 2013. "Who Does the Shopping? German time-use evidence, 1996-2009," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 2357, pages 125-133.
    20. Run Liu & Ziyue Qiu, 2022. "Urban Sustainable Development Empowered by Cultural and Tourism Industries: Using Zhenjiang as an Example," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-15, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:20:p:13253-:d:942953. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.