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Assessment of Struvite as an Alternative Sources of Fertilizer-Phosphorus for Flood-Irrigated Rice

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  • Kristofor R. Brye

    (Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA)

  • Niyi S. Omidire

    (Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA)

  • Leah English

    (Department of Agricultural Economics & Agribusiness, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA)

  • Ranjan Parajuli

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA)

  • Laszlo Kekedy-Nagy

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA)

  • Ruhi Sultana

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA)

  • Jennie Popp

    (Department of Agricultural Economics & Agribusiness, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA)

  • Greg Thoma

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA)

  • Trenton L. Roberts

    (Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA)

  • Lauren F. Greenlee

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA)

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewaters as struvite (MgNH 4 PO 4 ·6H 2 O) may be a viable alternative fertilizer-P source for agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic and environmental implications of struvite as a fertilizer-P source for flood-irrigated rice ( Oryza sativa ) relative to other commonly used commercially available fertilizer-P sources. A field study was conducted in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the effects of wastewater-recovered struvite (chemically precipitated struvite (CPST) and electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECST)) on rice yield response in a P-deficient, silt–loam soil in eastern Arkansas relative to triple superphosphate, monoammonium and diammonium phosphate, and rock phosphate. A life cycle assessment methodology was used to estimate the global warming potentials associated with rice produced with the various fertilizer-P sources. Life cycle inventory data were based on the field trials conducted with and without struvite application for both years. A partial budget analysis showed that, across both years, net revenues for ECST and CPST were 1.4 to 26.8% lower than those associated with the other fertilizer-P sources. The estimated greenhouse gas emissions varied between 0.58 and 0.70 kg CO 2 eq kg rice −1 from CPST and between 0.56 and 0.81 kg CO 2 eq kg rice −1 from ECST in 2019 and 2020, respectively, which were numerically similar to those for the other fertilizer-P sources in 2019 and 2020. The similar rice responses compared to commercially available fertilizer-P sources suggest that wastewater-recovered struvite materials might be an alternative fertilizer-P-source option for flood-irrigated rice production if struvite can become price-competitive to other fertilizer-P sources.

Suggested Citation

  • Kristofor R. Brye & Niyi S. Omidire & Leah English & Ranjan Parajuli & Laszlo Kekedy-Nagy & Ruhi Sultana & Jennie Popp & Greg Thoma & Trenton L. Roberts & Lauren F. Greenlee, 2022. "Assessment of Struvite as an Alternative Sources of Fertilizer-Phosphorus for Flood-Irrigated Rice," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-21, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:15:p:9621-:d:880633
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Elena Rozzi & Francesco Demetrio Minuto & Andrea Lanzini & Pierluigi Leone, 2020. "Green Synthetic Fuels: Renewable Routes for the Conversion of Non-Fossil Feedstocks into Gaseous Fuels and Their End Uses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-96, January.
    2. Elena Rozzi & Francesco Demetrio Minuto & Andrea Lanzini & Pierluigi Leone, 2020. "Addendum: Rozzi, E.; Minuto, F.D.; Lanzini, A.; Leone, P. Green Synthetic Fuels: Renewable Routes for the Conversion of Non-Fossil Feedstocks into Gaseous Fuels and Their End Uses. Energies 2020, 13, ," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-1, March.
    3. Shew, Aaron M. & Nalley, Lawton L. & Durand-Morat, Alvaro & Meredith, Kylie & Parajuli, Ranjan & Thoma, Greg & Henry, Christopher G., 2021. "Holistically valuing public investments in agricultural water conservation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    4. Kataki, Sampriti & West, Helen & Clarke, Michèle & Baruah, D.C., 2016. "Phosphorus recovery as struvite: Recent concerns for use of seed, alternative Mg source, nitrogen conservation and fertilizer potential," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 142-156.
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