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A Bilevel Linear Programming Model for Developing a Subsidy Policy to Minimize the Environmental Impact of the Agricultural Sector

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  • Konstantinos Ziliaskopoulos

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece)

  • Konstantinos Papalamprou

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece)

Abstract

The agro-food industry, while critical for establishing food security, is the most environmentally impactful industry since it causes biodiversity loss and the conversion of natural land to farms and pastures, requires pesticide and fertilizer use as well as high water consumption, and leads to greenhouse gas emissions as well as soil and environmental degradation. This impact can be mitigated through proper policy design. Environmental policy in agriculture, however, is inherently complex, due to the conflict between actors in the system, namely policy makers and farmers. This article introduces a bilevel linear programming (BLP) approach for the development of subsidy policies with the upper-level objective being the minimization of the environmental impact of the agricultural sector. Both levels of the model are formulated as linear programs and by considering the Water-Energy-Food-Climate Nexus, a general-purpose model is introduced. The methodology of the model formulation is spelled out. Finally, different approaches for fine tuning the BLP model are discussed in order to adjust it to each case study’s needs, and the model is applied to the case study of the region of Thessaly, Greece.

Suggested Citation

  • Konstantinos Ziliaskopoulos & Konstantinos Papalamprou, 2022. "A Bilevel Linear Programming Model for Developing a Subsidy Policy to Minimize the Environmental Impact of the Agricultural Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-10, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:13:p:7651-:d:845758
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    Cited by:

    1. Alexandra E. Ioannou & Chrysi S. Laspidou, 2023. "Cross-Mapping Important Interactions between Water-Energy-Food Nexus Indices and the SDGs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-14, May.
    2. Adam Pawlewicz & Katarzyna Pawlewicz, 2023. "The Risk of Agricultural Land Abandonment as a Socioeconomic Challenge for the Development of Agriculture in the European Union," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-24, February.
    3. Hsu, Hsin-Wei & Yang, Chu-Chuan, 2024. "Assessing land resource planning for agrivoltaics development: Examining synergies approaches between government and farmers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).

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