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Drought Risk Assessment of Sugarcane-Based Electricity Generation in the Rio dos Patos Basin, Brazil

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  • Jazmin Campos Zeballos

    (Bonn Alliance for Sustainability Research/Innovation Campus Bonn (ICB), University of Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
    Institute for Environmental and Human Security (UNU EHS), United Nations University, D-53113 Bonn, Germany)

  • Zita Sebesvari

    (Institute for Environmental and Human Security (UNU EHS), United Nations University, D-53113 Bonn, Germany)

  • Jakob Rhyner

    (Institute for Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany)

  • Markus Metz

    (Mundialis GmbH & Co. KG, D-53111 Bonn, Germany)

  • Vinicius Bof Bufon

    (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, Brasilia 70770-901, Brazil)

Abstract

Brazil has a large share of hydropower in its electricity matrix. Since hydropower depends on water availability, it is particularly vulnerable to drought events, making the Brazilian electricity matrix vulnerable to climate change. Starting in 2005, Brazil opened the matrix to new renewable sources, including sugarcane-based electricity. Sugarcane is known for its resilience to short dry spells. Over the last decades, its production area moved from the coastal plains of the Atlantic Forest biome to the savannahs of the Cerrado biome, which is characterised by a five- to six month-long dry season. The sugarcane-based electricity system is highly dynamic and complex due to the interlinkages, dependencies, and cascading impacts between its agricultural and industrial subsystems. This paper applies the risk framework proposed by the IPCC to assess climate-change-driven drought risks to sugarcane electricity generation systems to identify their strengths and weaknesses, considering the system dynamics and linkages. Our methodology aims to understand and characterize drought in the agriculture as well as industrial subsystems and offers a specific understanding of the system by using indicators tailored to sugarcane-based electricity generation. Our results underline the relevance of actions at different levels of management. Initiatives, such as regional weather forecasts specifically for agriculture, and measures to increase industrial water-use efficiency were identified to be essential to reduce the drought risk. Actions from farmers and mill owners, supported and guided by the government at different levels, have the potential to increase the resilience of the system. For example, the implementation of small dams was identified by local actors as a promising intervention to adapt to the long dry seasons; however, they need to be implemented based on a proper technical assessment in order to locate these dams in suitable places. Moreover, the results show that creating and maintaining small water reservoirs to enable the adoption of deficit-controlled irrigation technology contribute to reducing the overall drought risk of the sugarcane-based electricity generation system.

Suggested Citation

  • Jazmin Campos Zeballos & Zita Sebesvari & Jakob Rhyner & Markus Metz & Vinicius Bof Bufon, 2022. "Drought Risk Assessment of Sugarcane-Based Electricity Generation in the Rio dos Patos Basin, Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-24, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:10:p:6219-:d:819771
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hunt., Julian David & Stilpen, Daniel & de Freitas, Marcos Aurélio Vasconcelos, 2018. "A review of the causes, impacts and solutions for electricity supply crises in Brazil," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 208-222.
    2. Fernandes, Gláucia & Lima Gomes, Leonardo & Teixeira Brandão, Luiz Eduardo, 2019. "Mitigating Hydrological Risk with Energy Derivatives," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 528-535.
    3. Souza, Zilmar José de & Azevedo, Paulo Furquim de, 2006. "Geração de energia elétrica excedente no setor sucroalcooleiro: um estudo a partir das usinas paulistas," Brazilian Journal of Rural Economy and Sociology (Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural-RESR), Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural, vol. 44(2), pages 1-21, March.
    4. Jurandir Zullo & Vânia Rosa Pereira & Andrea Koga-Vicente, 2018. "Sugar-energy sector vulnerability under CMIP5 projections in the Brazilian central-southern macro-region," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 149(3), pages 489-502, August.
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