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Foamed Bitumen Mixtures for Road Construction Made with 100% Waste Materials: A Laboratory Study

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  • Nicola Baldo

    (Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture (DPIA), University of Udine, Via del Cotonificio 114, 33100 Udine, Italy)

  • Fabio Rondinella

    (Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture (DPIA), University of Udine, Via del Cotonificio 114, 33100 Udine, Italy)

  • Fabiola Daneluz

    (Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture (DPIA), University of Udine, Via del Cotonificio 114, 33100 Udine, Italy)

  • Marco Pasetto

    (Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering (DICEA), University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padua, Italy)

Abstract

Nowadays, budget restrictions for road construction, management, and maintenance require innovative solutions to guarantee the user acceptable service levels respecting environmental requirements. Such goals can be achieved by the re-use of various waste materials at the end of their service life in the pavement structure, therefore avoiding their disposal in landfill. At the same time, significant savings are achieved on natural aggregate by replacing it with such waste materials, improving the economic and environmental sustainability of road constructions. The purpose of this study is to discuss a laboratory investigation about foamed bitumen-stabilized mixtures for road foundation layers, in which the aggregate structure was entirely made up of industrial by-products and civil wastes, namely metallurgical slags such as electric arc furnace (EAF) and ladle furnace (LF) slags, coal fly (CF) ash, bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), glass waste (GW) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). Combining these recycled aggregates in different proportions, six foamed bitumen mixtures were produced and investigated in terms of indirect tensile strength, stiffness modulus, and fatigue resistance. The leaching test carried out on the waste materials considered did not show any toxicological issue and the best foamed bitumen mixture’s composition was characterized by 20% of EAF slags, 10% of LF slags, 20% of MSWI ash, 10% of CF ash, 20% of GW, and 20% of RAP. Its mechanical characterization presented a dry indirect tensile strength at 25 °C of 0.62 MPa (well above the Italian technical acceptance limits), a stiffness modulus at 25 °C equal to 6171 MPa, and a number of cycles to failure at 20 °C equal to 6989 for a stress level of 300 kPa.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicola Baldo & Fabio Rondinella & Fabiola Daneluz & Marco Pasetto, 2022. "Foamed Bitumen Mixtures for Road Construction Made with 100% Waste Materials: A Laboratory Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-12, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:10:p:6056-:d:817105
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Reza Kiani Mavi & Denise Gengatharen & Neda Kiani Mavi & Richard Hughes & Alistair Campbell & Ross Yates, 2021. "Sustainability in Construction Projects: A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-24, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Konstantinos Gkyrtis & Christina Plati & Andreas Loizos, 2023. "Structural Performance of Foamed Asphalt Base in a Full Depth Reclaimed and Sustainable Pavement," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-14, February.
    2. Samuel Y. O. Amakye & Samuel J. Abbey & Colin A. Booth & Jonathan Oti, 2022. "Performance of Sustainable Road Pavements Founded on Clay Subgrades Treated with Eco-Friendly Cementitious Materials," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-23, October.

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