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Physio-Morphological and Biochemical Trait-Based Evaluation of Ethiopian and Chinese Wheat Germplasm for Drought Tolerance at the Seedling Stage

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  • Gizie Abeje Belay

    (Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI), Crop and Horticulture Biodiversity Directorate, P.O. Box 30726, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia)

  • Zhengbin Zhang

    (Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Ping Xu

    (Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

Abstract

For Ethiopia’s wheat production, drought is a major natural disaster. Exploration of drought-resistant varieties from a bulk of wheat germplasm conserved in the gene bank is of paramount importance for breeding climate change-resilient modern cultivars. The present study was aimed at identifying the best performing drought-resistant genotypes under non-stress and polyethylene glycol simulated (PEG) stress conditions in a growth chamber. Forty diverse Ethiopian bread and durum wheat cultivars along with three Chinese bread wheat cultivars possessing strong drought resistance and susceptibility were evaluated. After acclimation with the natural environment, the seedlings were imposed to severe drought stress (20% PEG 6000 ), and 15 seedling traits including photosynthetic and free proline were investigated. Our findings indicated that drought stress caused a profound decline in plant water consumption (83.0%), shoot fresh weight (64.9%), stomatal conductance (61.6%), root dry weight (55.2%), and other investigated traits except root to shoot length ratio and proline content which showed a significant increase under drought stress. A significant and positive correlation was found between photosynthetic pigments in both growth conditions. Proline exhibited a negative correlation with most of the investigated traits except root to shoot length ratio and all photosynthetic pigments which showed a positive and non-significant association. Our result also showed a wide range of genetic variation (CV) ranging from 3.23% to 47.3%; the highest in shoot dry weight (SDW) (47.3%) followed by proline content (44.63%) and root dry weight (36.03%). Based on multivariate principal component biplot analysis and average sum of ranks (ASR), G12, G16 and G25 were identified as the best drought tolerant and G6, G42, G4, G11, and G9 as bottom five sensitive. The potential of these genotypes offers further investigation at a molecular and cellular level to identify the novel gene associated with the stress response.

Suggested Citation

  • Gizie Abeje Belay & Zhengbin Zhang & Ping Xu, 2021. "Physio-Morphological and Biochemical Trait-Based Evaluation of Ethiopian and Chinese Wheat Germplasm for Drought Tolerance at the Seedling Stage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-23, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:9:p:4605-:d:540163
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed & Muhammad Sajjad & Mingju Li & Muhammad Abubakkar Azmat & Muhammad Rizwan & Rana Haroon Maqsood & Sultan Habibullah Khan, 2019. "Selection Criteria for Drought-Tolerant Bread Wheat Genotypes at Seedling Stage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-17, May.
    2. Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh & Reza Mohammadi & Alireza Etminan & Lia Shooshtari & Neda Maleki-Tabrizi & Peter Poczai, 2020. "Effects of Drought Stress on Some Agronomic and Morpho-Physiological Traits in Durum Wheat Genotypes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-14, July.
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