IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i6p3395-d520150.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Soil Salinity Type Effects on the Relationship between the Electrical Conductivity and Salt Content for 1:5 Soil-to-Water Extract

Author

Listed:
  • Amin I. Ismayilov

    (Institute of Soil Science and Agrichemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS), Baku AZ1073, Azerbaijan)

  • Amrakh I. Mamedov

    (Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan)

  • Haruyuki Fujimaki

    (Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan)

  • Atsushi Tsunekawa

    (Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan)

  • Guy J. Levy

    (Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, ARO, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel)

Abstract

Soil salinity severely affects soil ecosystem quality and crop production in semi-arid and arid regions. A vast quantity of data on soil salinity has been collected by research organizations of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS, formerly USSR) and many other countries over the last 70 years, but using them in the current international network (irrigation and reclamation strategy) is complicated. This is because in the CIS countries salinity was expressed by total soluble salts as a percentage on a dry-weight basis (total soluble salts, TSS, %) and eight salinity types (chemistry) determined by the ratios of the anions and cations (Cl − , SO 4 2− , HCO 3 − , and Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ) in diluted soil water extract (soil/water = 1:5) without assessing electrical conductivity (EC). Measuring the EC (1:5) is more convenient, yet EC is not only affected by the concentration but also characteristics of the ions and the salinity chemistry. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between EC and TSS of soils in a diluted extract (1:5) for eight classic salinity types. We analyzed extracts (1:5) of 1100 samples of a clayey soil (0–20 cm) collected from cultivated semi-arid and arid regions for EC, TSS, soluble cations (Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ), and anions (HCO 3 − , Cl − , SO 4 2− ). Results revealed that (i) the variation in the proportional relationships (R 2 ≥ 0.91–0.98) between EC (0.12–5.6 dS m −1 ) and TSS (0.05–2.5%) could be related to salinity type, and (ii) the proportionality coefficient of the relationships (2.2 2–3.16) decreased in the following order of salinity type: SO 4 < Cl(SO 4 )–HCO 3 < Cl(HCO 3 )–SO 4 < SO 4 (HCO 3 )–Cl < Cl. The findings suggest that once the salinity type of the soil is established, EC (1:5) values can be safely used for the evaluation of the soil salinity degree in the irrigated land in the context of sustainable soil and crop management.

Suggested Citation

  • Amin I. Ismayilov & Amrakh I. Mamedov & Haruyuki Fujimaki & Atsushi Tsunekawa & Guy J. Levy, 2021. "Soil Salinity Type Effects on the Relationship between the Electrical Conductivity and Salt Content for 1:5 Soil-to-Water Extract," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-11, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:3395-:d:520150
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3395/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3395/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Letey, J. & Hoffman, G.J. & Hopmans, J.W. & Grattan, S.R. & Suarez, D. & Corwin, D.L. & Oster, J.D. & Wu, L. & Amrhein, C., 2011. "Evaluation of soil salinity leaching requirement guidelines," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(4), pages 502-506, February.
    2. van Straten, G. & de Vos, A.C. & Rozema, J. & Bruning, B. & van Bodegom, P.M., 2019. "An improved methodology to evaluate crop salt tolerance from field trials," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 375-387.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Shuncun Zhang & Tao Wang & Hao Wang & Qiangqiang Kang & Qian Zhou & Bo Chen, 2022. "Spatial Pattern, Sources Identification, and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in a Typical Soda Soil from Bayannur, Northwestern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Fuat Kaya & Calogero Schillaci & Ali Keshavarzi & Levent Başayiğit, 2022. "Predictive Mapping of Electrical Conductivity and Assessment of Soil Salinity in a Western Türkiye Alluvial Plain," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-21, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Barnard, Johannes Hendrikus & Matthews, Nicolette & du Preez, Christiaan Cornelius, 2021. "Formulating and assessing best water and salt management practices: Lessons from non-saline and water-logged irrigated fields," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    2. Rosa, R.D. & Ramos, T.B. & Pereira, L.S., 2016. "The dual Kc approach to assess maize and sweet sorghum transpiration and soil evaporation under saline conditions: Application of the SIMDualKc model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 77-94.
    3. Peragón, Juan M. & Pérez-Latorre, Francisco J. & Delgado, Antonio & Tóth, Tibor, 2018. "Best management irrigation practices assessed by a GIS-based decision tool for reducing salinization risks in olive orchards," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 33-41.
    4. Zhang, Yuehong & Li, Xianyue & Šimůnek, Jirí & Shi, Haibin & Chen, Ning & Hu, Qi & Tian, Tong, 2021. "Evaluating soil salt dynamics in a field drip-irrigated with brackish water and leached with freshwater during different crop growth stages," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 244(C).
    5. Abdullah Darzi-Naftchali & Henk Ritzema, 2018. "Integrating Irrigation and Drainage Management to Sustain Agriculture in Northern Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-17, May.
    6. Tedeschi, A. & Lavini, A. & Riccardi, M. & Pulvento, C. & d'Andria, R., 2011. "Melon crops (Cucumis melo L., cv. Tendral) grown in a mediterranean environment under saline-sodic conditions: Part I. Yield and quality," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(9), pages 1329-1338, July.
    7. Merchán, D. & Casalí, J. & Del Valle de Lersundi, J. & Campo-Bescós, M.A. & Giménez, R. & Preciado, B. & Lafarga, A., 2018. "Runoff, nutrients, sediment and salt yields in an irrigated watershed in southern Navarre (Spain)," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 120-132.
    8. Prudentia Zikalala & Isaya Kisekka & Mark Grismer, 2019. "Calibration and Global Sensitivity Analysis for a Salinity Model Used in Evaluating Fields Irrigated with Treated Wastewater in the Salinas Valley," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-33, February.
    9. S. Li & Wan Luo & Z. Jia & S. Tang & C. Chen, 2018. "The Pros and Cons of Encouraging Shallow Groundwater Use through Controlled Drainage in a Salt-Impacted Irrigation Area," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 32(7), pages 2475-2487, May.
    10. Hesam Mousavi & Bas Bruning & Gerrit Van Straten & Åsgeir R. Almås & Johanna Lethin & Nupur Naik & Sameer Hassan & Olof Olsson & Henrik Aronsson, 2022. "Effects of Increasing Salinity by Drip Irrigation on Total Grain Weight Show High Yield Potential of Putative Salt-Tolerant Mutagenized Wheat Lines," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-14, April.
    11. Haj-Amor, Zied & Kumar Acharjee, Tapos & Dhaouadi, Latifa & Bouri, Salem, 2020. "Impacts of climate change on irrigation water requirement of date palms under future salinity trend in coastal aquifer of Tunisian oasis," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    12. Parvender Sheoran & Arvind Kumar & Raman Sharma & Kailash Prajapat & Ashwani Kumar & Arijit Barman & R. Raju & Satyendra Kumar & Yousuf Jaffer Dar & Ranjay K. Singh & Satish Kumar Sanwal & Rajender Ku, 2021. "Quantitative Dissection of Salt Tolerance for Sustainable Wheat Production in Sodic Agro-Ecosystems through Farmers’ Participatory Approach: An Indian Experience," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-16, March.
    13. Vaughan, Peter & Letey, John, 2015. "Irrigation water amount and salinity dictate nitrogen requirement," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 6-11.
    14. Minhas, P.S. & Ramos, Tiago B. & Ben-Gal, Alon & Pereira, Luis S., 2020. "Coping with salinity in irrigated agriculture: Crop evapotranspiration and water management issues," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    15. Zhang, Chen & Li, Xiaobin & Kang, Yaohu & Wang, Xunming, 2019. "Salt leaching and response of Dianthus chinensis L. to saline water drip-irrigation in two coastal saline soils," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 8-16.
    16. Bonachela, Santiago & Fernández, María Dolores & Cabrera-Corral, Francisco Javier & Granados, María Rosa, 2022. "Salt and irrigation management of soil-grown Mediterranean greenhouse tomato crops drip-irrigated with moderately saline water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    17. Zhen, Jingbo & Lazarovitch, Naftali & Tripler, Effi, 2020. "Effects of fruit load intensity and irrigation level on fruit quality, water productivity and net profits of date palms," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    18. Lankford, Bruce A., 2023. "Resolving the paradoxes of irrigation efficiency: Irrigated systems accounting analyses depletion-based water conservation for reallocation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    19. Murad, Khandakar Faisal Ibn & Hossain, Akbar & Fakir, Oli Ahmed & Biswas, Sujit Kumar & Sarker, Khokan Kumer & Rannu, Rahena Parvin & Timsina, Jagadish, 2018. "Conjunctive use of saline and fresh water increases the productivity of maize in saline coastal region of Bangladesh," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 262-270.
    20. Grattan, S.R. & Díaz, F.J. & Pedrero, F. & Vivaldi, G.A., 2015. "Assessing the suitability of saline wastewaters for irrigation of Citrus spp.: Emphasis on boron and specific-ion interactions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 48-58.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:3395-:d:520150. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.