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Biodiesel Production from Reutealis trisperma Oil Using Conventional and Ultrasonication through Esterification and Transesterification

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  • Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah

    (Mechanical Engineering Study Program, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), South Lampung, Lampung 35365, Indonesia)

  • Razali Thaib

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia)

  • Arridina Susan Silitonga

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan 20155, Indonesia)

  • Jassinnee Milano

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Abd. Halim Shamsuddin

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Abdi Hanra Sebayang

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan 20155, Indonesia)

  • Rahmawaty

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan 20155, Indonesia)

  • Joko Sutrisno

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan 20155, Indonesia)

  • Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia

    (School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia)

Abstract

The limitation of fossil fuel sources and negative environmental impact persuade scientists around the world to find a solution. One possible solution is by using renewable fuel to replace fossil fuel with an inexpensive, fast, and effective production process. The objective of this study is to investigate the biodiesel production from crude Reutealis trisperma oil using the conventional and the ultrasonic bath stirrer method through the esterification and transesterification process. The result shows that the most effective reaction time with an optimum condition for the esterification and transesterification of Reutealis trisperma oil is at 2 h 30 min by using the ultrasonic bath stirrer method. The optimum conditions at a temperature of 55 °C for the esterification and at 60 °C for transesterification with 2% ( v / v ) of sulphuric acid with catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt.% were a methanol-to-oil ratio of 60%, and agitation speed of 1000 rpm. This optimum condition gives the highest yield of 95.29% for the Reutealis trisperma biodiesel. The results showed that the ultrasonic bath stirrer method had more effect on the reaction time needed than using the conventional method and reduced half of the conventional method reaction time. Finally, the properties of Reutealis trisperma biodiesel fulfilled the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards with density, 892 kg/m 3 ; pour point, −2 °C; cloud point, −1 °C; flash point, 206.5 °C; calorific value, 40.098 MJ/kg; and acid value, 0.26 mg KOH/g.

Suggested Citation

  • Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah & Razali Thaib & Arridina Susan Silitonga & Jassinnee Milano & Abd. Halim Shamsuddin & Abdi Hanra Sebayang & Rahmawaty & Joko Sutrisno & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, 2021. "Biodiesel Production from Reutealis trisperma Oil Using Conventional and Ultrasonication through Esterification and Transesterification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:3350-:d:519576
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