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Compressive Strength of Sustainable Geopolymer Concrete Composites: A State-of-the-Art Review

Author

Listed:
  • Hemn Unis Ahmed

    (Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Sulaimaniyah 46001, Iraq
    Department of Civil Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Kurdistan Region, Sulaimaniyah 46001, Iraq)

  • Azad A. Mohammed

    (Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Sulaimaniyah 46001, Iraq)

  • Serwan Rafiq

    (Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Sulaimaniyah 46001, Iraq)

  • Ahmed S. Mohammed

    (Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Sulaimaniyah 46001, Iraq)

  • Amir Mosavi

    (Institute of Software Design and Development, Obuda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary
    Department of Informatics, J. Selye University, 94501 Komarno, Slovakia
    Institute of Information Society, University of Public Service, 1083 Budapest, Hungary)

  • Nadhim Hamah Sor

    (Civil Engineering Department, University of Garmian, Kurdistan Region, Kalar 46021, Iraq
    Department of Civil Engineering, Harran University, 63050 Sanliurfa, Turkey)

  • Shaker M. A. Qaidi

    (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Duhok 42001, Iraq)

Abstract

The building industry, which emits a significant quantity of greenhouse gases, is under tremendous pressure due to global climate change and its consequences for communities. Given the environmental issues associated with cement production, geopolymer concrete has emerged as a sustainable construction material. Geopolymer concrete is an eco-friendly construction material that uses industrial or agricultural by-product ashes as the principal binder instead of Portland cement. Fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, rice husk ash, metakaolin, and palm oil fuel ash were all employed as binders in geopolymer concrete, with fly ash being the most frequent. The most important engineering property for all types of concrete composites, including geopolymer concrete, is the compressive strength. It is influenced by different parameters such as the chemical composition of the binder materials, alkaline liquid to binder ratio, extra water content, superplasticizers dosages, binder content, fine and coarse aggregate content, sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate content, the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide, the concentration of sodium hydroxide (molarity), curing temperature, curing durations inside oven, and specimen ages. In order to demonstrate the effects of these varied parameters on the compressive strength of the fly ash-based geopolymer concrete, a comprehensive dataset of 800 samples was gathered and analyzed. According to the findings, the curing temperature, sodium silicate content, and alkaline solution to binder ratio are the most significant independent parameters influencing the compressive strength of the fly ash-based geopolymer concrete (FA-BGPC) composites.

Suggested Citation

  • Hemn Unis Ahmed & Azad A. Mohammed & Serwan Rafiq & Ahmed S. Mohammed & Amir Mosavi & Nadhim Hamah Sor & Shaker M. A. Qaidi, 2021. "Compressive Strength of Sustainable Geopolymer Concrete Composites: A State-of-the-Art Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-38, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:24:p:13502-:d:696409
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Priyanka Morla & Rishi Gupta & Peiman Azarsa & Ashutosh Sharma, 2021. "Corrosion Evaluation of Geopolymer Concrete Made with Fly Ash and Bottom Ash," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, January.
    2. Hemn Unis Ahmed & Ahmed Salih Mohammed & Azad A Mohammed & Rabar H Faraj, 2021. "Systematic multiscale models to predict the compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete at various mixture proportions and curing regimes," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(6), pages 1-26, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mahmood Hunar Dheyaaldin & Mohammad Ali Mosaberpanah & Radhwan Alzeebaree, 2022. "Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Alkali-Activated Mortar with/without Nano Silica and Nano Alumina," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-24, February.
    2. Mohammad Masfiqul Alam Bhuiyan & Ahmed Hammad, 2024. "Engineering and Design for Sustainable Construction: A Bibliometric Analysis of Current Status and Future Trends," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-26, April.
    3. Mohamed Amin & Ibrahim Saad Agwa & Nuha Mashaan & Shaker Mahmood & Mahmoud H. Abd-Elrahman, 2023. "Investigation of the Physical Mechanical Properties and Durability of Sustainable Ultra-High Performance Concrete with Recycled Waste Glass," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-21, February.
    4. Chiya Y. Rahimzadeh & Ahmed Salih & Azeez A. Barzinjy, 2022. "Systematic Multiscale Models to Predict the Compressive Strength of Cement Paste as a Function of Microsilica and Nanosilica Contents, Water/Cement Ratio, and Curing Ages," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-23, February.
    5. Jacob O. Ikotun & Gbenga E. Aderinto & Makungu M. Madirisha & Valentine Y. Katte, 2024. "Geopolymer Cement in Pavement Applications: Bridging Sustainability and Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-30, June.
    6. Aryan Far H. Sherwani & Khaleel H. Younis & Ralf W. Arndt & Kypros Pilakoutas, 2022. "Performance of Self-Compacted Geopolymer Concrete Containing Fly Ash and Slag as Binders," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-29, November.

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