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Role of Microalgae in Global CO 2 Sequestration: Physiological Mechanism, Recent Development, Challenges, and Future Prospective

Author

Listed:
  • Ravindra Prasad

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India)

  • Sanjay Kumar Gupta

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India)

  • Nisha Shabnam

    (Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic)

  • Carlos Yure B. Oliveira

    (Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, Brazil)

  • Arvind Kumar Nema

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India)

  • Faiz Ahmad Ansari

    (Institute for Water and Wastewater Technologies, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa)

  • Faizal Bux

    (Institute for Water and Wastewater Technologies, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa)

Abstract

The rising concentration of global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) has severely affected our planet’s homeostasis. Efforts are being made worldwide to curb carbon dioxide emissions, but there is still no strategy or technology available to date that is widely accepted. Two basic strategies are employed for reducing CO 2 emissions, viz. (i) a decrease in fossil fuel use, and increased use of renewable energy sources; and (ii) carbon sequestration by various biological, chemical, or physical methods. This review has explored microalgae’s role in carbon sequestration, the physiological apparatus, with special emphasis on the carbon concentration mechanism (CCM). A CCM is a specialized mechanism of microalgae. In this process, a sub-cellular organelle known as pyrenoid, containing a high concentration of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco), helps in the fixation of CO 2 . One type of carbon concentration mechanism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the association of pyrenoid tubules with thylakoids membrane is represented through a typical graphical model. Various environmental factors influencing carbon sequestration in microalgae and associated techno-economic challenges are analyzed critically.

Suggested Citation

  • Ravindra Prasad & Sanjay Kumar Gupta & Nisha Shabnam & Carlos Yure B. Oliveira & Arvind Kumar Nema & Faiz Ahmad Ansari & Faizal Bux, 2021. "Role of Microalgae in Global CO 2 Sequestration: Physiological Mechanism, Recent Development, Challenges, and Future Prospective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-18, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:23:p:13061-:d:687913
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    1. Al-Jabri, Hareb & Das, Probir & Khan, Shoyeb & AbdulQuadir, Mohammad & Thaher, Mehmoud Ibrahim & Hoekman, Kent & Hawari, Alaa H., 2022. "A comparison of bio-crude oil production from five marine microalgae – Using life cycle analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    2. Dahai, He & Zhihong, Yin & Lin, Qin & Yuhong, Li & Lei, Tian & Jiang, Li & Liandong, Zhu, 2024. "The application of magical microalgae in carbon sequestration and emission reduction: Removal mechanisms and potential analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    3. Marcin Zieliński & Marcin Dębowski & Joanna Kazimierowicz & Izabela Świca, 2023. "Microalgal Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Capture and Utilization from the European Union Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-27, February.

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