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Diminishing Heavy Metal Hazards of Contaminated Soil via Biochar Supplementation

Author

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  • Mahrous Awad

    (Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
    Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt)

  • Mahmuod M. El-Sayed

    (Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt)

  • Xiang Li

    (Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China)

  • Zhongzhen Liu

    (Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China)

  • Syed Khalid Mustafa

    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47311, Saudi Arabia)

  • Allah Ditta

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
    School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia)

  • Kamel Hessini

    (Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Depending on the geochemical forms, heavy metal (HM) accumulation is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world and poses negative impacts on soil, plants, animals, and humans. Although the use of biochar to remediate contaminated soils is well known, the huge quantities of waste used and its recycling technique to sustain soil in addition to its use conditions are determinant factors for its characteristics and uses. A pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design to evaluate metal forms and their availability under the application of garden waste biochar (GB) pyrolyzed at different temperatures, and a sequential extraction procedure was designed to fractionate Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu of the contaminated soil. The results show that the TCLP-extractable Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu were significantly decreased depending on the biochar addition rate, pyrolysis temperature, and tested metal. The acid extractable fraction was significantly decreased by 51.54, 26.42, 16.01, and 74.13% for Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu, respectively, at the highest application level of GB 400 compared to untreated pots. On the other hand, the organic matter bound fraction increased by 76.10, 54.69, 23.72, and 43.87% for the corresponding metals. The Fe/Mn oxide bound fraction was the predominant portion of lead (57.25–62.84%), whereas the acid fraction was major in the case of Cd (58.06–77.05%). The availability of these metals varied according to the application rate, pyrolysis temperature, and examined metals. Therefore, the GB is a nominee as a promising practice to reduce HM risks, especially pyrolyzed at 400 °C by converting the available fraction into unavailable ones.

Suggested Citation

  • Mahrous Awad & Mahmuod M. El-Sayed & Xiang Li & Zhongzhen Liu & Syed Khalid Mustafa & Allah Ditta & Kamel Hessini, 2021. "Diminishing Heavy Metal Hazards of Contaminated Soil via Biochar Supplementation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:22:p:12742-:d:681701
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    1. Zarmeena Khan & Muhammad Habib ur Rahman & Ghulam Haider & Rabia Amir & Rao Muhammad Ikram & Shakeel Ahmad & Hannah Kate Schofield & Bilal Riaz & Rashid Iqbal & Shah Fahad & Rahul Datta & Alaa Baazeem, 2021. "Chemical and Biological Enhancement Effects of Biochar on Wheat Growth and Yield under Arid Field Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-18, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rositsa Velichkova & Martin Pushkarov & Radostina A. Angelova & Ognyan Sandov & Detelin Markov & Iskra Simova & Peter Stankov, 2022. "Exploring the Potential of Straw Biochar for Environmentally Friendly Fertilizers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-21, May.
    2. Shakeel Ahmad & Fazal Hadi & Amin Ullah Jan & Raza Ullah & Bedur Faleh A. Albalawi & Allah Ditta, 2022. "Appraisal of Heavy Metals Accumulation, Physiological Response, and Human Health Risks of Five Crop Species Grown at Various Distances from Traffic Highway," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Aso H. Saeed H. Salih & Abdullah A. Hama & Karzan A. M. Hawrami & Allah Ditta, 2021. "The Land Snail, Eobania vermiculata , as a Bioindicator of the Heavy Metal Pollution in the Urban Areas of Sulaimani, Iraq," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-14, December.
    4. Muhammad Sabir & Edita Baltrėnaitė-Gedienė & Allah Ditta & Hussain Ullah & Aatika Kanwal & Sajid Ullah & Turki Kh. Faraj, 2022. "Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in a Soil–Plant System from an Open Dumpsite and the Associated Health Risks through Multiple Routes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-22, October.
    5. Theodora Bousdra & Sotiria G. Papadimou & Evangelia E. Golia, 2023. "The Use of biochar in the Remediation of Pb , Cd , and Cu -Contaminated Soils. The Impact of biochar Feedstock and Preparation Conditions on Its Remediation Capacity," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-20, January.
    6. Truong Xuan Vuong & Thi Thu Ha Pham & Thi Thu Thuy Nguyen & Dung Thuy Nguyen Pham, 2023. "Effects of Biochar and Apatite on Chemical Forms of Lead and Zinc in Multi-Metal-Contaminated Soil after Incubation: A Comparison of Peanut Shell and Corn Cob Biochar," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-23, August.

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