IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i17p9602-d622656.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Application of Fuzzy Logic to Evaluate the Economic Impact of COVID-19: Case Study of a Project-Oriented Travel Agency

Author

Listed:
  • Gergő Thalmeiner

    (Department of Financial Management and Control, Institute of Business Regulation and Information Management, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly str. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary)

  • Sándor Gáspár

    (Department of Financial Management and Control, Institute of Business Regulation and Information Management, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly str. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary)

  • Ákos Barta

    (Department of Economics and Methodology, Institute of Economics, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly str. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary)

  • Zoltán Zéman

    (Department of Financial Management and Control, Institute of Business Regulation and Information Management, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly str. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary)

Abstract

The aim of the study is to create a performance evaluation controlling model to evaluate the performance of tourism enterprises as a function of the economic effects of COVID-19. As a result of the significant change in demand resulting from the economic environment, expectations and cyclicality caused by the pandemic, the assessment of organization performance has become subjective. Under these changed environmental conditions, most of the methods used by tourism companies to evaluate performance are not effective enough. In our research, we illustrated a controlling model based on fuzzy logic through a case study. By applying the model, it becomes possible to evaluate project-oriented tourism organizations according to different standardized norms. Our model considers the subjectivity derived from measurability and goal setting. We point out that the performance of organizations operating in the tourism industry significantly influenced by COVID-19 can be subjectively assessed during the pandemic period and thus depends on the analytical context. By evaluating the performance of tourism organizations along internal organizational goals, more relevant information content and more informed managerial decision support can be achieved.

Suggested Citation

  • Gergő Thalmeiner & Sándor Gáspár & Ákos Barta & Zoltán Zéman, 2021. "Application of Fuzzy Logic to Evaluate the Economic Impact of COVID-19: Case Study of a Project-Oriented Travel Agency," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-19, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:17:p:9602-:d:622656
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/17/9602/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/17/9602/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sainaghi, Ruggero & Phillips, Paul & Zavarrone, Emma, 2017. "Performance measurement in tourism firms: A content analytical meta-approach," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 36-56.
    2. Gemünden, Hans Georg & Lehner, Patrick & Kock, Alexander, 2018. "The Project-oriented Organization and its Contribution to Innovation," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 92880, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    3. Aliperti, Giuseppe & Sandholz, Simone & Hagenlocher, Michael & Rizzi, Francesco & Frey, Marco & Garschagen, Matthias, 2019. "Tourism, Crisis, Disaster: An Interdisciplinary Approach," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    4. Adriana Dutescu & Adriana Florina Popa & Andreea Gabriela Ponorîca, 2014. "Sustainability of the Tourism Industry, Based on Financial Key Performance Indicators," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 16(Special 8), pages 1048-1048, August.
    5. Rastegar, Raymond & Higgins-Desbiolles, Freya & Ruhanen, Lisa, 2021. "COVID-19 and a justice framework to guide tourism recovery," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    6. Stefano Ramelli & Alexander F Wagner, 2020. "Feverish Stock Price Reactions to COVID-19," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 9(3), pages 622-655.
    7. Grigoroudis, E. & Orfanoudaki, E. & Zopounidis, C., 2012. "Strategic performance measurement in a healthcare organisation: A multiple criteria approach based on balanced scorecard," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 104-119, January.
    8. Pérez, Fátima & Gómez, Trinidad & Caballero, Rafael & Liern, Vicente, 2018. "Project portfolio selection and planning with fuzzy constraints," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 117-129.
    9. Stefano Ramelli & Alexander F Wagner, 0. "Feverish Stock Price Reactions to COVID-19," Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 9(3), pages 622-655.
    10. Hazen, Benjamin T. & Boone, Christopher A. & Ezell, Jeremy D. & Jones-Farmer, L. Allison, 2014. "Data quality for data science, predictive analytics, and big data in supply chain management: An introduction to the problem and suggestions for research and applications," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 72-80.
    11. Müller, Ralf & Turner, Rodney, 2007. "The Influence of Project Managers on Project Success Criteria and Project Success by Type of Project," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 25(4), pages 298-309, August.
    12. Kulshrestha, Anurag & Krishnaswamy, Venkataraghavan & Sharma, Mayank, 2020. "Bayesian BILSTM approach for tourism demand forecasting," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Elizaveta Polishchuk & Zoltán Bujdosó & Youssef El Archi & Brahim Benbba & Kai Zhu & Lóránt Dénes Dávid, 2023. "The Theoretical Background of Virtual Reality and Its Implications for the Tourism Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-19, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Brodeur, Abel & Clark, Andrew E. & Fleche, Sarah & Powdthavee, Nattavudh, 2021. "COVID-19, lockdowns and well-being: Evidence from Google Trends," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    2. Akhtaruzzaman, Md & Boubaker, Sabri & Sensoy, Ahmet, 2021. "Financial contagion during COVID–19 crisis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    3. Farzami, Yasmine & Gregory-Allen, Russell & Molchanov, Alexander & Sehrish, Saba, 2021. "COVID-19 and the liquidity network," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).
    4. Heyden, Kim J. & Heyden, Thomas, 2021. "Market reactions to the arrival and containment of COVID-19: An event study," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    5. Robert J. R. Elliott & Ingmar Schumacher & Cees Withagen, 2020. "Suggestions for a Covid-19 Post-Pandemic Research Agenda in Environmental Economics," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 76(4), pages 1187-1213, August.
    6. Laura Alfaro & Anusha Chari & Andrew N. Greenland & Peter K. Schott, 2020. "Aggregate and Firm-Level Stock Returns During Pandemics, in Real Time," NBER Working Papers 26950, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. repec:zbw:bofitp:2020_015 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Md. Mahmudul Alam & Haitian Wei & Abu N. M. Wahid, 2021. "COVID‐19 outbreak and sectoral performance of the Australian stock market: An event study analysis," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(3), pages 482-495, September.
    9. Ahmad, Muhammad Farooq & Kowalewski, Oskar, 2021. "Collective bargaining power and corporate cash policy," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    10. Ducret, Romain, 2021. "Investors' perception of business group membership during an economic crisis : Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic," FSES Working Papers 524, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Freiburg/Fribourg Switzerland.
    11. Arnold, Grace E. & Rhodes, Meredith E., 2021. "Information sensitivity of corporate bonds: Evidence from the COVID-19 crisis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).
    12. Andrieș, Alin Marius & Ongena, Steven & Sprincean, Nicu, 2021. "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Sovereign Bond Risk," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    13. Augustin Landier & David Thesmar, 2020. "Earnings Expectations in the COVID Crisis," NBER Working Papers 27160, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Duan, Yuejiao & Liu, Lanbiao & Wang, Zhuo, 2021. "COVID-19 Sentiment and the Chinese Stock Market: Evidence from the Official News Media and Sina Weibo," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    15. Katarzyna Czech & Michał Wielechowski & Pavel Kotyza & Irena Benešová & Adriana Laputková, 2020. "Shaking Stability: COVID-19 Impact on the Visegrad Group Countries’ Financial Markets," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-19, August.
    16. Davidovic, Milivoje, 2021. "From pandemic to financial contagion: High-frequency risk metrics and Bayesian volatility analysis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).
    17. Peng-Fei Dai & Xiong Xiong & Zhifeng Liu & Toan Luu Duc Huynh & Jianjun Sun, 2021. "Preventing crash in stock market: The role of economic policy uncertainty during COVID-19," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-15, December.
    18. Di Shang & Chang Yu & Gang Diao, 2021. "Study on Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic Recession Based on Monte Carlo Simulation," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2021(6), pages 724-747.
    19. Michal Bernardelli & Zbigniew Korzeb & Pawel Niedziolka, 2021. "The banking sector as the absorber of the COVID-19 crisis’ economic consequences: perception of WSE investors," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 12(2), pages 335-374, June.
    20. Gregory, Richard Paul, 2022. "ESG scores and the response of the S&P 1500 to monetary and fiscal policy during the Covid-19 pandemic," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 446-456.
    21. Harrison Hong & Jeffrey D. Kubik & Neng Wang & Xiao Xu & Jinqiang Yang, 2020. "Pandemics, Vaccines and an Earnings Damage Function," NBER Working Papers 27829, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:17:p:9602-:d:622656. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.