IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i12p6760-d575257.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Work from Home and the Use of ICT during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia and Its Impact on Cities in the Future

Author

Listed:
  • Rini Rachmawati

    (Department of Development Geography, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia)

  • Ulfah Choirunnisa

    (Graduate School on Regional Development, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia)

  • Zat Ayuningsih Pambagyo

    (Graduate School on Environmental Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia)

  • Yosi Atikah Syarafina

    (Graduate School on Environmental Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia)

  • Rizki Adriadi Ghiffari

    (Department of Development Geography, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in restrictions on activities involving physical contact, such as working. Indonesia began to apply the system of work from home (WfH) to minimize the spread risk of COVID-19 in March 2020. This research is aimed at finding out the coverage of WfH, mapping changes of workplace, identifying the use of ICT to support WfH, and analyzing the concept of workplace and work systems in future cities. The method used in this research is qualitative and quantitative. A questionnaire (Google Form) was sent to different WhatsApp groups whose members are experts in urban and regional planning, geography, the environment, smart cities, and IT, with total of 176 respondents. The focus group discussion conducted online focused on the use of ICT to support WfH during the COVID-19 pandemic. The result of this research shows that even before the pandemic, both the government and private sectors had a plan to apply WfH. Because of the pandemic, it became the catalyst for the implementation of WfH. The implementation of WfH has changed workplace orientation. The use of ICT was a primary need in implementing WfH during the pandemic. However, the WfH system implemented in the government sector has not been integrated, and neither has the one in private sectors. WfH is seen to have been effective enough, but it still needs lots of support from many sectors. In the future, WfH can still be maintained, along with working from the office (WfO). The WfH concept is highly recommended for big cities because it can support reduced population mobilization, resulting in reduced congestion and movement costs, and improved efficiency of working time by reducing travel time. On the other hand, it can help in the matter of limited of space that office buildings provide.

Suggested Citation

  • Rini Rachmawati & Ulfah Choirunnisa & Zat Ayuningsih Pambagyo & Yosi Atikah Syarafina & Rizki Adriadi Ghiffari, 2021. "Work from Home and the Use of ICT during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia and Its Impact on Cities in the Future," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-17, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:12:p:6760-:d:575257
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/12/6760/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/12/6760/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Agota Giedrė Raišienė & Violeta Rapuano & Kristina Varkulevičiūtė & Katarína Stachová, 2020. "Working from Home—Who Is Happy? A Survey of Lithuania’s Employees during the COVID-19 Quarantine Period," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-23, July.
    2. Azlinzuraini Ahmad & Nicky E. Shaw & Nicola J. Bown & Khatijah Omar & Jean Gardiner, 2016. "The impact of negative work home interface on intention to leave and the role of flexible working arrangements in Malaysia," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, vol. 50(5), pages 507-515, Special I.
    3. Patricia L. Mokhtarian & Michael N. Bagley & Ilan Salomon, 1998. "The impact of gender, occupation, and presence of children on telecommuting motivations and constraints," Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 49(12), pages 1115-1134.
    4. Dustin R. White, 2019. "Agency Theory and Work from Home," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 33(1), pages 1-25, March.
    5. Hasan, Syed M. & Rehman, Attique & Zhang, Wendong, 2021. "Who can work and study from home in Pakistan: Evidence from a 2018–19 nationwide household survey," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Valentin Kuleto & Milena P. Ilić & Nevenka Popović Šević & Marko Ranković & Dušan Stojaković & Milutin Dobrilović, 2021. "Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Teaching Process in Higher Education in the Republic of Serbia during COVID-19," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-20, November.
    2. Fatma Lestari & Margaret Cook & Kelly Johnstone & Miranda Surya Wardhany & Robiana Modjo & Baiduri Widanarko & Devie Fitri Octaviani, 2022. "COVID-19 in the Workplace in Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-23, February.
    3. Wang, Richard & Ye, Zhongnan & Lu, Miaojia & Hsu, Shu-Chien, 2022. "Understanding post-pandemic work-from-home behaviours and community level energy reduction via agent-based modelling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    4. Aini Farmania & Riska Dwinda Elsyah & Ananda Fortunisa, 2022. "The Phenomenon of Technostress during the COVID-19 Pandemic Due to Work from Home in Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-21, July.
    5. Peter Karacsony & Kornél Krupánszki & Imrich Antalík, 2022. "Analysis of the Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on the Hungarian Employees," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-14, February.
    6. Fortuna, Fabio & Rossi, Luca & Elmo, Grazia Chiara & Arcese, Gabriella, 2023. "Italians and smart working: A technical study on the effects of smart working on the society," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    7. Thang Muan Piang, 2022. "Working from home during the Covid-19 pandemic and its effect on employees and students," Eximia Journal, Plus Communication Consulting SRL, vol. 5(1), pages 195-240, July.
    8. Rini Rachmawati & Estuning Tyas Wulan Mei & Idea Wening Nurani & Rizki Adriadi Ghiffari & Amandita Ainur Rohmah & Martina Ayu Sejati, 2021. "Innovation in Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Best Practices from Five Smart Cities in Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-30, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Monica Aureliana Petcu & Maria Iulia Sobolevschi-David & Adrian Anica-Popa & Stefania Cristina Curea & Catalina Motofei & Ana-Maria Popescu, 2021. "Multidimensional Assessment of Job Satisfaction in Telework Conditions. Case Study: Romania in the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-16, August.
    2. Barbora Mazúrová & Ján Kollár & Gabriela Nedelová, 2021. "Travel Mode of Commuting in Context of Subjective Well-Being—Experience from Slovakia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-17, March.
    3. Onete Cristian Bogdan & Chiţa Sandra Diana & Albăstroiu Irina & Andrei Teodora Liliana, 2021. "Leading teams in virtual environment during COVID-19 crisis," Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, Sciendo, vol. 15(1), pages 328-337, December.
    4. Hausmann, Ricardo & Schetter, Ulrich, 2022. "Horrible trade-offs in a pandemic: Poverty, fiscal space, policy, and welfare," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    5. Barrero, Jose Maria & Bloom, Nick & Davis, Steven J., 2020. "Why Working From Home Will Stick," SocArXiv wfdbe, Center for Open Science.
    6. Misra, Shalini & Stokols, Daniel, 2012. "A typology of people–environment relationships in the Digital Age," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 311-325.
    7. O'Keefe, Paul & Caulfield, Brian & Brazil, William & White, Peter, 2016. "The impacts of telecommuting in Dublin," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 13-20.
    8. Astorquiza-Bustos, Bilver Adrian & Quintero-Peña, Jose Wilmar, 2023. "Who can work from home? A remote working index for an emerging economy," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(10).
    9. Palm, Matthew, 2022. "North American Transportation During COVID-19: What Really Changed?," OSF Preprints dx258, Center for Open Science.
    10. Iduzki Soubelet-Fagoaga & Maitane Arnoso-Martinez & Edurne Elgorriaga-Astondoa & Edurne Martínez-Moreno, 2022. "Telework and Face-to-Face Work during COVID-19 Confinement: The Predictive Factors of Work-Related Stress from a Holistic Point of View," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-17, March.
    11. Yifan Zhong & Yameng Li & Jian Ding & Yiyi Liao, 2021. "Risk Management: Exploring Emerging Human Resource Issues during the COVID-19 Pandemic," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-23, May.
    12. Thomas de Graaff & Piet Rietveld, 2004. "ICT and Substitution Between Out-of-Home and at-Home Work: The Importance of Timing," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 36(5), pages 879-896, May.
    13. Nilmini M. Rathnayake & Pivithuru J. Kumarasinghe & Ajantha S. Kumara, 2022. "How Do Different Types of University Academics Perceive Work from Home Amidst COVID-19 and Beyond?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-19, April.
    14. Sahut, Jean Michel & Lissillour, Raphael, 2023. "The adoption of remote work platforms after the Covid-19 lockdown: New approach, new evidence," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    15. Ingrid Gould Ellen & Katherine Hempstead, 2002. "Telecommuting and the Demand for Urban Living: A Preliminary Look at White-collar Workers," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 39(4), pages 749-766, April.
    16. Constantin Aurelian Ionescu & Melinda Timea Fülöp & Dan Ioan Topor & Mircea Constantin Duică & Sorina Geanina Stanescu & Nicoleta Valentina Florea & Mariana Zamfir & Mihaela Denisa Coman, 2022. "Sustainability Analysis, Implications, and Effects of the Teleworking System in Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, April.
    17. Eva Thulin & Bertil Vilhelmson & Martina Johansson, 2019. "New Telework, Time Pressure, and Time Use Control in Everyday Life," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-17, May.
    18. Czura, Kristina & Englmaier, Florian & Ho, Hoa & Spantig, Lisa, 2022. "Microfinance loan officers before and during Covid-19: Evidence from India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    19. Lachapelle, Ugo & Noland, Robert B., 2012. "Does the commute mode affect the frequency of walking behavior? The public transit link," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 26-36.
    20. Milenko Radonic & Valentina Vukmirovic & Milos Milosavljevic, 2021. "The Impact of Hybrid Workplace Models on Intangible Assets: The Case of an Emerging Country," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 23(58), pages 770-770, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:12:p:6760-:d:575257. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.