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Modeling Alternative Approaches to the Biodiversity Offsetting of Urban Expansion in the Grenoble Area (France): What Is the Role of Spatial Scales in ‘No Net Loss’ of Wetland Area and Function?

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  • Anne-Charlotte Vaissière

    (Écologie Systématique Évolution, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, 91405 Orsay, France
    CEE-M, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34960 Montpellier, France)

  • Fabien Quétier

    (Biotope Headquarters 22, bd Maréchal Foch—BP58, 34140 Mèze, France)

  • Adeline Bierry

    (Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553 CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, 38058 Grenoble, France)

  • Clémence Vannier

    (Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553 CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, 38058 Grenoble, France
    Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, Te Whare Wananga O Waitaha, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand)

  • Florence Baptist

    (Biotope Headquarters 22, bd Maréchal Foch—BP58, 34140 Mèze, France)

  • Sandra Lavorel

    (Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553 CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, 38058 Grenoble, France)

Abstract

It is increasingly common for developers to be asked to manage the impacts of their projects on biodiversity by restoring other degraded habitats that are ecologically equivalent to those that are impacted. These measures, called biodiversity offsets, generally aim to achieve ‘no net loss’ (NNL) of biodiversity. Using spatially-explicit modeling, different options were compared in terms of their performance in offsetting the impacts on wetlands of the planned urban expansion around Grenoble (France). Two implementation models for offsetting were tested: (a) the widespread bespoke permittee-led restoration project model, resulting in a patchwork of restored wetlands, and (b) recently-established aggregated and anticipated “banking” approaches whereby larger sets of adjacent parcels offset the impacts of several projects. Two ecological equivalence methods for sizing offsets were simulated: (a) the historically-prevalent area-based approach and (b) recently introduced approaches whereby offsets are sized to ensure NNL of wetland functions. Simulations showed that a mix of functional methods with minimum area requirements was more likely to achieve NNL of wetland area and function across the study area and within each subwatershed. Our methodology can be used to test the carrying capacity of a landscape to support urban expansion and its associated offsetting in order to formulate more sustainable development plans.

Suggested Citation

  • Anne-Charlotte Vaissière & Fabien Quétier & Adeline Bierry & Clémence Vannier & Florence Baptist & Sandra Lavorel, 2021. "Modeling Alternative Approaches to the Biodiversity Offsetting of Urban Expansion in the Grenoble Area (France): What Is the Role of Spatial Scales in ‘No Net Loss’ of Wetland Area and Function?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-23, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:11:p:5951-:d:561711
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thébaud, Olivier & Boschetti, Fabio & Jennings, Sarah & Smith, Anthony D.M. & Pascoe, Sean, 2015. "Of sets of offsets: Cumulative impacts and strategies for compensatory restoration," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 312(C), pages 114-124.
    2. Vaissière, Anne-Charlotte & Levrel, Harold, 2015. "Biodiversity offset markets: What are they really? An empirical approach to wetland mitigation banking," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 81-88.
    3. Claire Etrillard & Michel Pech, 2014. "Mesures de compensation écologique : risques ou opportunités pour le foncier agricole ?," Working Papers SMART 14-10, INRAE UMR SMART.
    4. Anne-Charlotte Vaissière & Léa Tardieu & Fabien Quétier & Sébastien Roussel, 2018. "Corrigendum: Preferences for biodiversity offset contracts on arable land: a choice experiment study with farmers," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 45(4), pages 675-675.
    5. Anne-Charlotte Vaissière & Fabien Quétier & Coralie Calvet & Julie Lombard Latune, 2020. "Quelles implications possibles du monde agricole dans la compensation écologique ? Vers des approches territoriales," Post-Print hal-03085223, HAL.
    6. Anne-Charlotte Vaissière & Léa Tardieu & Fabien Quétier & Sébastien Roussel, 2018. "Preferences for biodiversity offset contracts on arable land: a choice experiment study with farmers," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 45(4), pages 553-582.
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