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Aerated Irrigation of Different Irrigation Levels and Subsurface Dripper Depths Affects Fruit Yield, Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Tomato

Author

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  • Yan Zhu

    (Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
    College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
    Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China (IWSA), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China)

  • Huanjie Cai

    (Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
    College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
    Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China (IWSA), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China)

  • Libing Song

    (Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
    College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
    Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China (IWSA), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China)

  • Xiaowen Wang

    (Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
    College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
    Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China (IWSA), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China)

  • Zihui Shang

    (Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
    College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
    Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China (IWSA), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China)

  • Yanan Sun

    (Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
    College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
    Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China (IWSA), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China)

Abstract

Aerated irrigation (AI) is a method to mitigate rhizosphere hypoxia caused by the wetting front from subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). This study evaluated the impacts of AI on soil aeration, plant growth performance, fruit yield (tomato), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), fruit nutrition (lycopene and Vitamin C (VC)) and taste (soluble sugar, organic acid and sugar–acid ratio) quality. A three-factorial experiment including AI and SDI at three irrigation levels (W 0.6 , W 0.8 and W 1.0 , corresponding with crop-pan coefficients of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) and two dripper depths (D 15 and D 25 , burial at 15 and 25 cm, respectively), totaling 12 treatments overall, was conducted in a greenhouse during the tomato-growing season (April–July) in 2016. The AI improved soil aeration conditions, with significantly increased soil oxygen concentration and air-filled porosity relative to SDI. Moreover, the AI improved crop growth performance, with increased root morphology (diameter, length density, surface area and volume density), delayed flowering time, prolonged flowering duration and increased shoot (leaf, stem and fruit) dry weight, and harvest index. Fruit yield per plant, fruit weight, IWUE, the contents of lycopene, VC and soluble sugar, and sugar–acid ratio significantly increased under AI treatments ( P < 0.05). As the irrigation level increased, fruit yield, number, and weight increased ( P < 0.05), but IWUE and fruit lycopene, soluble sugar, and organic acid content decreased ( P < 0.05). The dripper depth had no significant impact on fruit yield, nutrition and taste quality. Principal component analysis revealed that the optimal three treatments in terms of fruit yield, IWUE, and nutrition and taste quality were the treatments W 0.6 D 25 AI, W 1.0 D 25 AI and W 1.0 D 15 AI. These results suggest that AI can improve tomato growth performance and increase fruit yield, nutrition and taste quality, and IWUE through enhancing soil aeration conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Yan Zhu & Huanjie Cai & Libing Song & Xiaowen Wang & Zihui Shang & Yanan Sun, 2020. "Aerated Irrigation of Different Irrigation Levels and Subsurface Dripper Depths Affects Fruit Yield, Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Tomato," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:7:p:2703-:d:338815
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Ouyang, Zan & Tian, Juncang & Yan, Xinfang & Shen, Hui, 2021. "Effects of different concentrations of dissolved oxygen on the growth, photosynthesis, yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes and changes in soil microorganisms," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    3. Yatao Xiao & Chaoxiang Sun & Dezhe Wang & Huiqin Li & Wei Guo, 2023. "Analysis of Hotspots in Subsurface Drip Irrigation Research Using CiteSpace," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-18, July.
    4. Zhang, Zhe & Yang, Runya & Sun, Junna & Li, Yanni & Geng, Yajun & Pan, Yinghua & Zhang, Zhenhua, 2024. "Root-zone aeration improves fruit yield and quality of tomato by enhancement of leaf photosynthetic performance," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    5. Xufeng Li & Juanjuan Ma & Lijian Zheng & Jinping Chen & Xihuan Sun & Xianghong Guo, 2022. "Optimization of the Regulated Deficit Irrigation Strategy for Greenhouse Tomato Based on the Fuzzy Borda Model," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-16, February.

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