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Strategies for Sustainable and Circular Management of Phosphorus in the Baltic Sea Region: The Holistic Approach of the InPhos Project

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Listed:
  • Marzena Smol

    (Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Wybickiego 7A, 31-261 Cracow, Poland)

  • Michał Preisner

    (Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Wybickiego 7A, 31-261 Cracow, Poland)

  • Augusto Bianchini

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Fontanelle 40, 47121 Forlì, Italy)

  • Jessica Rossi

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Fontanelle 40, 47121 Forlì, Italy)

  • Ludwig Hermann

    (Proman Management GmbH, Weingartenstrasse 92, 2214 Auersthal, Austria)

  • Tanja Schaaf

    (Outotec GmbH & Co KG, Ludwig-Erhard-Strasse 21, 61440 Oberursel, Germany)

  • Jolita Kruopienė

    (Institute of Environmental Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Gedimino g, 50, LT-44239 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Kastytis Pamakštys

    (Institute of Environmental Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Gedimino g, 50, LT-44239 Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Maris Klavins

    (Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia)

  • Ruta Ozola-Davidane

    (Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia)

  • Daina Kalnina

    (Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia)

  • Elina Strade

    (Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia)

  • Viktoria Voronova

    (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia)

  • Karin Pachel

    (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia)

  • Xiaosheng Yang

    (GTK Mintec, Geological Survey of Finland, Tutkijankatu 1, 83500 Outokumpu, Finland)

  • Britt-Marie Steenari

    (Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Energy and Materials, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Magdalena Svanström

    (Department of Technology Mangement and Economics, Environmental Systems Analysis, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden)

Abstract

Despite the significant reduction of phosphorus (P) discharge in the Baltic Sea in the last decades, obtained through the implementation of some approaches within the Helsinki Convention, eutrophication is still considered the biggest problem for the Baltic Sea environment. Consequently, the reduction of P load is an urgent need to solve, but the complexity of both the environmental and legislative context of the area makes this process difficult (more than in the past). Eutrophication is an intricate issue requiring a proper framework of governance that is not easy to determine in the Baltic Sea Region where the needs of several different countries converge. To identify the most suitable strategy to reduce the eutrophication in the Baltic Sea, the InPhos project (no. 17022, 2018–2019, funded by the European Institute of Innovation & Technology (EIT) Raw Materials) adopted a holistic approach considering technical, political, economic, environmental and social aspects of P management. With the aims to raise awareness about the P challenge, foster the dialogue among all the stakeholders, and find solutions already developed in other countries (such as Germany and Switzerland) to be transferred in the Baltic Sea Region, the InPhos project consortium applied the methodology proposed in this paper, consisting of three main phases: (i) analysis of the available technologies to remove P from waste streams that contribute to eutrophication; (ii) analysis of the main streams involving P in Baltic Sea countries to highlight the potential of more sustainable and circular P management; (iii) study of the current context (e.g., already-existing initiatives and issues). This approach allowed us to identify four categories of recommendations and practical actions proposed to improve P management in the Baltic Sea region. During the project, the consortium mainly addressed social aspects. Following steps beyond the project will be more quantitative to determine the techno-economic feasibility of circular P management in selected demo cases in the region.

Suggested Citation

  • Marzena Smol & Michał Preisner & Augusto Bianchini & Jessica Rossi & Ludwig Hermann & Tanja Schaaf & Jolita Kruopienė & Kastytis Pamakštys & Maris Klavins & Ruta Ozola-Davidane & Daina Kalnina & Elina, 2020. "Strategies for Sustainable and Circular Management of Phosphorus in the Baltic Sea Region: The Holistic Approach of the InPhos Project," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-21, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:2567-:d:336448
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tan, Zhongxin & Lagerkvist, Anders, 2011. "Phosphorus recovery from the biomass ash: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(8), pages 3588-3602.
    2. Sina Shaddel & Hamidreza Bakhtiary-Davijany & Christian Kabbe & Farbod Dadgar & Stein W. Østerhus, 2019. "Sustainable Sewage Sludge Management: From Current Practices to Emerging Nutrient Recovery Technologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-12, June.
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    5. Cen Meng & Yi Wang & Yuyan Li & Jiaogen Zhou & Yong Li & Jinshui Wu, 2017. "Deteriorated Water Quality of Agricultural Catchments in South China by Net Anthropogenic Phosphorus Inputs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-11, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marzena Smol & Christian Adam & Stefan Anton Kugler, 2020. "Thermochemical Treatment of Sewage Sludge Ash (SSA)—Potential and Perspective in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Marzena Smol, 2023. "Circular Economy in Wastewater Treatment Plant—Water, Energy and Raw Materials Recovery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-18, May.
    3. Marzena Smol & Paulina Marcinek & Zuzana Šimková & Tomáš Bakalár & Milan Hemzal & Jiří Jaromír Klemeš & Yee Van Fan & Kinga Lorencz & Eugeniusz Koda & Anna Podlasek, 2022. "Inventory of Good Practices of Sustainable and Circular Phosphorus Management in the Visegrad Group (V4)," Resources, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, December.
    4. Carla Mae Jabar Pausta & Michael Angelo Baliwag Promentilla & Alberto Leyes Longos & Aileen Huelgas Orbecido & Arnel Bas Beltran & Regina Gador Damalerio & Maria Eda Apple Artesano Suplido & Devendra , 2023. "Resource-Oriented Sanitation: On-Farm Septage Treatment and Nutrient Recycling for Sustainable Agriculture in the Philippines," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-20, June.
    5. Augusto Bianchini & Jessica Rossi, 2020. "An Integrated Industry-Based Methodology to Unlock Full-Scale Implementation of Phosphorus Recovery Technology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-17, December.
    6. Marzena Smol & Joanna Duda & Agnieszka Czaplicka-Kotas & Dominika Szołdrowska, 2020. "Transformation towards Circular Economy (CE) in Municipal Waste Management System: Model Solutions for Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-25, June.
    7. Jolita Kruopienė & Miglė Žiukaitė, 2022. "Situation Analysis and the Potential for Circularity of the Wastewater Sector in Lithuania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-21, April.

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