IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v12y2020i5p2103-d330264.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Psychometric Properties, Measurement Invariance, and Construct Validity of the Italian Version of the Brand Hate Short Scale (BHS)

Author

Listed:
  • Silvia Platania

    (Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy)

  • Martina Morando

    (Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy)

  • Giuseppe Santisi

    (Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy)

Abstract

Brand hate can be defined as the consumer’s dissatisfaction with the product or service performance. The consumer’s hatred of the brand is related to the desire for revenge and avoidance. This kind of emotion does not remain only a desire; it is often transformed into real actions that lead to consumer behavior. Although the analysis of the literature provides useful insights and interesting suggestions about the phenomenon of brand hate, to date, very few studies and scales that are capable of measuring this phenomenon have been developed, especially in the Italian context. The present work investigated the psychometric properties of an Italian adaptation of the BHSs (N = 422) with the aim of verifying the same factor structure found in the original German version. Results confirmed a one-factor structure (first order, 6 items). Moreover, the scale was found to be invariant across gender. This suggests that companies must first have adequate systems and mechanisms in place to understand the reasons that drive consumers to hate the brand and implement recovery strategies to address this hatred. The achievement of sustainability or failure to do so can add to or detract from a brand’s value in the marketplace.

Suggested Citation

  • Silvia Platania & Martina Morando & Giuseppe Santisi, 2020. "Psychometric Properties, Measurement Invariance, and Construct Validity of the Italian Version of the Brand Hate Short Scale (BHS)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:2103-:d:330264
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/5/2103/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/5/2103/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bougie, J.R.G. & Pieters, R. & Zeelenberg, M., 2003. "Angry customers don't come back, they get back : The experience and behavioral implications of anger and dissatisfaction in services," Other publications TiSEM 1708fb71-fd68-41d9-b870-e, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    2. Jagdip Singh, 1995. "Measurement in Cross-National Research," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 26(3), pages 597-619, September.
    3. Belk, Russell W, 1988. "Possessions and the Extended Self," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 15(2), pages 139-168, September.
    4. Funches, Venessa & Markley, Melissa & Davis, Lenita, 2009. "Reprisal, retribution and requital: Investigating customer retaliation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 231-238, February.
    5. Lia Zarantonello & Simona Romani & Silvia Grappi & Marc Fetscherin, 2018. "Trajectories of brand hate," Journal of Brand Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 25(6), pages 549-560, November.
    6. James C. Ward & Amy L. Ostrom, 2006. "Complaining to the Masses: The Role of Protest Framing in Customer-Created Complaint Web Sites," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 33(2), pages 220-230, July.
    7. Sussan, Fiona & Hall, Richard & Meamber, Laurie A., 2012. "Introspecting the spiritual nature of a brand divorce," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 65(4), pages 520-526.
    8. Jonah Berger & Raghuram Iyengar, 2013. "Communication Channels and Word of Mouth: How the Medium Shapes the Message," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 40(3), pages 567-579.
    9. Steenkamp, Jan-Benedict E M & Baumgartner, Hans, 1998. "Assessing Measurement Invariance in Cross-National Consumer Research," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 25(1), pages 78-90, June.
    10. Michael R Mullen, 1995. "Diagnosing Measurement Equivalence in Cross-National Research," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 26(3), pages 573-596, September.
    11. Romani, Simona & Grappi, Silvia & Dalli, Daniele, 2012. "Emotions that drive consumers away from brands: Measuring negative emotions toward brands and their behavioral effects," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 55-67.
    12. William Meredith, 1993. "Measurement invariance, factor analysis and factorial invariance," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 58(4), pages 525-543, December.
    13. Farrell, Andrew M., 2010. "Insufficient discriminant validity: A comment on Bove, Pervan, Beatty, and Shiu (2009)," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 63(3), pages 324-327, March.
    14. Andrew John & Jill Klein, 2003. "The Boycott Puzzle: Consumer Motivations for Purchase Sacrifice," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 49(9), pages 1196-1209, September.
    15. Huber, Frank & Vollhardt, Kai & Matthes, Isabel & Vogel, Johannes, 2010. "Brand misconduct: Consequences on consumer-brand relationships," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 63(11), pages 1113-1120, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Chih-Chien Wang & Shu-Chen Chang & Pei-Ying Chen, 2021. "The Brand Sustainability Obstacle: Viewpoint Incompatibility and Consumer Boycott," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-23, May.
    2. Jorge Costa & António Azevedo, 2023. "Beyond Brand Hate: Are You Willing to Forgive a Negative Experience with Your Smartphone Mobile Communications’ Brand?," Corporate Reputation Review, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 26(2), pages 83-96, May.
    3. Martina Morando & Silvia Platania, 2022. "Luxury Tourism Consumption in the Accommodation Sector: The Mediation Role of Destination Brand Love for Potential Tourists," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-18, March.
    4. Concetta De Pasquale & Martina Morando & Silvia Platania & Federica Sciacca & Zira Hichy & Santo Di Nuovo & Maria Catena Quattropani, 2022. "The Roles of Anxiety and Self-Esteem in the Risk of Eating Disorders and Compulsive Buying Behavior," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-16, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Curina, Ilaria & Francioni, Barbara & Hegner, Sabrina M. & Cioppi, Marco, 2020. "Brand hate and non-repurchase intention: A service context perspective in a cross-channel setting," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    2. Akrout, Houcine & Mrad, Mona, 2023. "Measuring brand hate in a cross-cultural context: Emic and Etic scale development and validation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    3. van Herk, H. & Poortinga, Y.H. & Verhallen, T.M.M., 2005. "Equivalence of survey data : Relevance for international marketing," Other publications TiSEM d808ce41-c3b8-4394-b80d-d, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    4. Juan Meng, 2021. "Leadership Excellence in Corporate Communications: A Multi-Group Test of Measurement Invariance," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(4), pages 21582440211, December.
    5. Haase, Janina & Wiedmann, Klaus-Peter & Labenz, Franziska, 2022. "Brand hate, rage, anger & co.: Exploring the relevance and characteristics of negative consumer emotions toward brands," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 1-16.
    6. Hofmans, J. & Pepermans, R. & Loix, E., 2009. "Measurement invariance matters: A case made for the ORTOFIN," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 30(4), pages 667-674, August.
    7. Sameeni, Maleeha Shahid & Qadeer, Faisal & Ahmad, Wasim & Filieri, Raffaele, 2024. "An empirical examination of brand hate influence on negative consumer behaviors through NeWOM intensity. Does consumer personality matter?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    8. Polsa, Pia, 2013. "The crossover-dialog approach: The importance of multiple methods for international business," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(3), pages 288-297.
    9. Diamantopoulos, A. & Reynolds, N.L. & Simintiras, A.C., 2006. "The impact of response styles on the stability of cross-national comparisons," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 59(8), pages 925-935, August.
    10. Knight, Gary A. & Spreng, Richard A. & Yaprak, Attila, 2003. "Cross-national development and validation of an international business measurement scale: the COISCALE," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 12(5), pages 581-599, October.
    11. Strizhakova, Yuliya & Coulter, Robin A. & Price, Linda L., 2008. "The meanings of branded products: A cross-national scale development and meaning assessment," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 25(2), pages 82-93.
    12. Japutra, Arnold & Kumar Roy, Sanjit & Pham, Tram-Anh N., 2021. "Relating brand anxiety, brand hatred and obsess: Moderating role of age and brand affection," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    13. Liao, Shuling & Chou, Cindy Yunhsin & Lin, Tzu-Han, 2015. "Adverse behavioral and relational consequences of service innovation failure," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(4), pages 834-839.
    14. Mary Margaret Rogers & Robert A. Peterson & Gerald Albaum, 2013. "Measuring Business Related Ethicality Globally: Cultural Emic Or Etic?," International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 6(1), pages 1-14.
    15. Yang, Chaofan & Sun, Yongqiang & Shen, Xiao-Liang, 2022. "Beyond anger: A neutralization perspective of customer revenge," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 363-374.
    16. Sandra Awanis & Bodo B Schlegelmilch & Charles Chi Cui, 2017. "Asia’s materialists: Reconciling collectivism and materialism," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 48(8), pages 964-991, October.
    17. Nam, Dae-il & Kim, Juhee & Arthurs, Jonathan D. & Sosik, John J. & Cullen, John B., 2016. "Measurement and structural invariance of entrepreneurial investment climate: A cross-country scale development," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 1053-1065.
    18. Ana Raluca Chiosa & Bogdan Anastasiei, 2017. "Negative Word-Of-Mouth: Exploring The Impact Of Adverse Messages On Consumers’ Reactions On Facebook," Review of Economic and Business Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, issue 20, pages 157-173, December.
    19. Jabeen, Fauzia & Kaur, Puneet & Talwar, Shalini & Malodia, Suresh & Dhir, Amandeep, 2022. "I love you, but you let me down! How hate and retaliation damage customer-brand relationship," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    20. Obeidat, Zaid Mohammad & Xiao, Sarah Hong & Qasem, Zainah al & dweeri, Rami al & Obeidat, Ahmad, 2018. "Social media revenge: A typology of online consumer revenge," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 239-255.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:2103-:d:330264. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.