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A Practical Case Report on the Node Point of a Butterfly Model Circular Economy: Synthesis of a New Hybrid Mineral–Hydrothermal Fertilizer for Rice Cropping

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  • Mei-Yun Chang

    (Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, National Ping-Tung University of Science and Technology, Ping-Tung County 912, Taiwan)

  • Wu-Jang Huang

    (Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, National Ping-Tung University of Science and Technology, Ping-Tung County 912, Taiwan)

Abstract

With the increased importance of a circular economy in the world, in this paper we present a practical “butterfly model” (proposed by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation) case report: to gain extra benefits in rice cropping through hybridizing green products of mineral waste and agricultural waste recycling. Hydrothermal biorefinery was used to turn spent agricultural biomass into a value-added biomass nutrient solution (BNS). BNS and sericite mineral waste were mixed and used as a new hybrid mineral–hydrothermal fertilizer for rice cropping. The most important extra benefit of this new hybrid mineral–hydrothermal fertilizer was that the empty grains could be reduced to 1–4 grains/spike (normally, it is 12–18 grains/spike), without significantly decreasing the panicle weight or spike saturation. This case report provides a new logic for circular design at the “node” point of a butterfly diagram.

Suggested Citation

  • Mei-Yun Chang & Wu-Jang Huang, 2020. "A Practical Case Report on the Node Point of a Butterfly Model Circular Economy: Synthesis of a New Hybrid Mineral–Hydrothermal Fertilizer for Rice Cropping," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-7, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:1245-:d:318417
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ko, Chun-Han & Chaiprapat, Sumate & Kim, Lee-Hyung & Hadi, Pejman & Hsu, Shu-Chien & Leu, Shao-Yuan, 2017. "Carbon sequestration potential via energy harvesting from agricultural biomass residues in Mekong River basin, Southeast Asia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 1051-1062.
    2. Kyi Moe & Aung Zaw Htwe & Thieu Thi Phong Thu & Yoshinori Kajihara & Takeo Yamakawa, 2019. "Effects on NPK Status, Growth, Dry Matter and Yield of Rice ( Oryza sativa ) by Organic Fertilizers Applied in Field Condition," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-15, May.
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