IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v12y2020i3p1043-d315386.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Fortresses as Specific Areas of Urban Greenery Defining the Uniqueness of the Urban Cultural Landscape: Warsaw Fortress—A Case Study

Author

Listed:
  • Ewa Zaraś-Januszkiewicz

    (Department of Environment Protection and Dendrology, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Jakub Botwina

    (Department of Landscape Architecture, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Barbara Żarska

    (Department of Environment Protection and Dendrology, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Tatiana Swoczyna

    (Department of Environment Protection and Dendrology, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Tomasz Krupa

    (Department of Pomology and Horticulture Economics, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

The term “fortress landscape” is a holistic one which involves coverage and terrain adapted for defensive purposes. The specificity of the historical heritage of the Polish cultural landscape is expressed in a great number of such objects, some of which have been absorbed by its cities. A case in point is the Warsaw Fortress. A significant part of its fortification has survived to this day. Due to its spatial structure, manner of use and condition, the Fortress constitutes a valuable element of Warsaw’s natural system. At the same time, it should be noted that this element is important due to being a tourist attraction and is an example of qualified military tourism. Military tourism is one of the most popular types of modern tourism. Its elements are frequently integrated into the urban green area system. Moreover, due to its specific spatial structure, the Fortress provides a unique element enriching the cultural landscape of the city. In this paper, a historical background of the Warsaw Fortress is analyzed with a special emphasis on its cultural value and public perception. The methods used in the study include a cultural value assessment, the WNET method, a survey questionnaire and both PCA and PCC statistical methods. The analysis showed that the landscape value of the Fortress received 70% of the maximum possible rating in the conducted survey. What is more, the Warsaw Fortress was also evaluated using all the assessment criteria. The study shows that the entry of the fortress elements into the city’s natural system is perceived as being valuable, although it often lacks a specific program. Consequently, the Warsaw Fortress should be subject to landscape protection with a view towards revitalization, along with introducing a recreational program.

Suggested Citation

  • Ewa Zaraś-Januszkiewicz & Jakub Botwina & Barbara Żarska & Tatiana Swoczyna & Tomasz Krupa, 2020. "Fortresses as Specific Areas of Urban Greenery Defining the Uniqueness of the Urban Cultural Landscape: Warsaw Fortress—A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-30, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:1043-:d:315386
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/3/1043/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/3/1043/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Karol Jan Borowiecki & Concetta Castiglione, 2014. "Cultural Participation and Tourism Flows: An Empirical Investigation of Italian Provinces," Tourism Economics, , vol. 20(2), pages 241-262, April.
    2. Irena Niedźwiecka-Filipiak & Justyna Rubaszek & Jerzy Potyrała & Paweł Filipiak, 2019. "The Method of Planning Green Infrastructure System with the Use of Landscape-Functional Units (Method LaFU) and its Implementation in the Wrocław Functional Area (Poland)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-23, January.
    3. Maraja Riechers & Micha Strack & Jan Barkmann & Teja Tscharntke, 2019. "Cultural Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Green Change along an Urban-Periurban Gradient," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-10, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Siân de Bell & Hilary Graham & Piran C. L. White, 2020. "Evaluating Dual Ecological and Well-Being Benefits from an Urban Restoration Project," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-28, January.
    2. Barbara Vojvodíková & Iva Tichá & Anna Starzewska-Sikorska, 2022. "Implementing Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Spaces in the Context of the Sense of Danger That Citizens May Feel," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-21, October.
    3. Calogero Guccio & Domenico Lisi & Marco Martorana & Anna Mignosa, 2017. "On the role of cultural participation in tourism destination performance: an assessment using robust conditional efficiency approach," Journal of Cultural Economics, Springer;The Association for Cultural Economics International, vol. 41(2), pages 129-154, May.
    4. Hung Wan Kot & Ming-Hsiang Chen & Ching-Hui (Joan) Su & Yu-Xia Lin, 2024. "Tang poetry and tourism: Cultural effects after 1000 years," Tourism Economics, , vol. 30(1), pages 152-173, February.
    5. Douglas S. Noonan & Ilde Rizzo, 2017. "Economics of cultural tourism: issues and perspectives," Journal of Cultural Economics, Springer;The Association for Cultural Economics International, vol. 41(2), pages 95-107, May.
    6. Dehghani Pour, Milad & Barati, Ali Akbar & Azadi, Hossein & Scheffran, Jürgen & Shirkhani, Mehdi, 2023. "Analyzing forest residents' perception and knowledge of forest ecosystem services to guide forest management and biodiversity conservation," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    7. Martin Falk & Eva Hagsten, 2017. "Measuring the impact of the European Capital of Culture programme on overnight stays: evidence for the last two decades," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(12), pages 2175-2191, December.
    8. Qindong Fan & Xiaoyu Yang & Chenming Zhang, 2022. "A Review of Ecosystem Services Research Focusing on China against the Background of Urbanization," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-17, July.
    9. Zhen Su & Joshua R. Aaron & William C. McDowell & Dan Dan Lu, 2019. "Sustainable Synergies between the Cultural and Tourism Industries: An Efficiency Evaluation Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-20, November.
    10. Khuong Ngoc Mai & Phuong Ngoc Duy Nguyen & Phuong Thi Minh Nguyen, 2019. "International Tourists’ Loyalty to Ho Chi Minh City Destination—A Mediation Analysis of Perceived Service Quality and Perceived Value," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-16, October.
    11. Kimberly J. Coleman & Elizabeth E. Perry & Dominik Thom & Tatiana M. Gladkikh & William S. Keeton & Peter W. Clark & Ralph E. Tursini & Kimberly F. Wallin, 2020. "The Woods around the Ivory Tower: A Systematic Review Examining the Value and Relevance of School Forests in the United States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-16, January.
    12. Calogero Guccio & Domenico Lisi & Anna Mignosa & Ilde Rizzo, 2018. "Does cultural heritage monetary value have an impact on visits? An assessment using official Italian data," Tourism Economics, , vol. 24(3), pages 297-318, May.
    13. Erica Honeck & Atte Moilanen & Benjamin Guinaudeau & Nicolas Wyler & Martin A. Schlaepfer & Pascal Martin & Arthur Sanguet & Loreto Urbina & Bertrand von Arx & Joëlle Massy & Claude Fischer & Anthony , 2020. "Implementing Green Infrastructure for the Spatial Planning of Peri-Urban Areas in Geneva, Switzerland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-20, February.
    14. Marta Sylla & Tadeusz Lasota & Szymon Szewrański, 2019. "Valuing Environmental Amenities in Peri-Urban Areas: Evidence from Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-15, January.
    15. Giulia Capotorti & Vera De Lazzari & Marta Alós Ortí, 2019. "Local Scale Prioritisation of Green Infrastructure for Enhancing Biodiversity in Peri-Urban Agroecosystems: A Multi-Step Process Applied in the Metropolitan City of Rome (Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-20, June.
    16. Miguel Amado & Evelina Rodrigues & Francesca Poggi & Manuel Duarte Pinheiro & António Ribeiro Amado & Helder José, 2020. "Using Different Levels of Information in Planning Green Infrastructure in Luanda, Angola," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-26, April.
    17. Cellini, Roberto & Cuccia, Tiziana, 2014. "The Tourism Industry in Italy during the Great Recession (2008-12): What Data Show and Suggest," MPRA Paper 62473, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Feb 2015.
    18. Joanna Badach & Elżbieta Raszeja, 2019. "Developing a Framework for the Implementation of Landscape and Greenspace Indicators in Sustainable Urban Planning. Waterfront Landscape Management: Case Studies in Gdańsk, Poznań and Bristol," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-26, April.
    19. Gianluca Cafiso & Roberto Cellini & Tiziana Cuccia, 2015. "Do Economic Crises Lead Tourists to Closer Destinations? An Analysis of Italy's Regional Data," CESifo Working Paper Series 5250, CESifo.
    20. Rafał Blazy & Hanna Hrehorowicz-Gaber & Alicja Hrehorowicz-Nowak & Arkadiusz Płachta, 2021. "The Synergy of Ecosystems of Blue and Green Infrastructure and Its Services in the Metropolitan Area—Chances and Dangers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-14, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:1043-:d:315386. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.