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Eco-Friendly Yield and Greenhouse Gas Emissions as Affected by Fertilization Type in a Tropical Smallholder Rice System, Ghana

Author

Listed:
  • Kofi Konadu Boateng

    (Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box Up 1279, Kumasi, Ghana)

  • George Yaw Obeng

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box Up 1279, Kumasi, Ghana)

  • Ebenezer Mensah

    (Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box Up 1279, Kumasi, Ghana)

Abstract

Data on greenhouse gas emission levels associated with fertilization applied in smallholder paddy rice farms in Ghana are scanty. The current study investigated fertilization types to determine their eco-friendliness on yield, Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Greenhouse Gas Intensity (GHGI) in a major rice season in the forest zone of Ghana. In total, five treatments were studied viz Farmer Practice (BAU); Biochar + Farmer Practice (BAU + BIO); Poultry Manure + Farmer Practice (BAU + M); Biochar + Poultry Manure + Farmer Practice (BAU + BIO + M); and Control (CT). Fluxes of methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) were measured using a static chamber-gas chromatography method. N 2 O emissions at the end of the growing season were significantly different across treatments. BAU + BIO + M had highest N 2 O flux mean of 0.38 kgNha −1 day −1 (±0.18). BAU + M had the second highest N 2 O flux of 0.27 kgNha −1 day −1 (±0.08), but was not significantly different from BAU at p > 0.05. BAU+BIO recorded 0.20 kgNha −1 day −1 (±0.12), lower and significantly different from BAU, BAU + M and BAU + BIO + M. CH 4 emissions across treatments were not significantly different. However, highest CH 4 flux was recorded in BAU+BIO at 4.76 kgCH 4 ha −1 day −1 (±4.87). GWP based on seasonal cumulative GHG emissions among treatments ranged from 5099.16 (±6878.43) to 20894.58 (±19645.04) for CH 4 and 756.28 (±763.44) to 27201.54 (±9223.51) kgCO 2 eqha −1 Season −1 for N 2 O. The treatment with significantly higher yield and low emissions was BAU + M with a GHGI of 4.38 (±1.90) kgCO 2 eqkg −1 .

Suggested Citation

  • Kofi Konadu Boateng & George Yaw Obeng & Ebenezer Mensah, 2020. "Eco-Friendly Yield and Greenhouse Gas Emissions as Affected by Fertilization Type in a Tropical Smallholder Rice System, Ghana," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-19, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:24:p:10239-:d:458506
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dao Trong Hung & Harold J. Hughes & Markus Keck & Daniela Sauer, 2019. "Rice-Residue Management Practices of Smallholder Farms in Vietnam and Their Effects on Nutrient Fluxes in the Soil-Plant System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Noppol Arunrat & Nathsuda Pumijumnong, 2017. "Practices for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Rice Production in Northeast Thailand," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-20, January.
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