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Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Smartphone Use, and Sleep Patterns Pre- and during-COVID-19 Quarantine in Young Adults from Spain

Author

Listed:
  • Borja Sañudo

    (Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain)

  • Curtis Fennell

    (Department of Exercise and Nutrition Science, University of Montevallo, Montevallo, AL 35115, USA)

  • Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver

    (Department of Human Motricity and Sports Performance, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain)

Abstract

This study assessed the effects of COVID-19 home confinement on physical activity, sedentary behavior, smartphone use, and sleep patterns. Data was collected in a sample of 20 young adults (mean age ± SD: 22.6 ± 3.4 years; 55% males) over seven days pre- and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Objective and subjective physical activity (Accelerometer and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), respectively), the number of hours sitting (IPAQ), objectively-measured smartphone use (smartphone screen time applications), and objective and subjective sleep (accelerometer and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively) were assessed. Results revealed significantly greater walking time and mean steps ( p < 0.001, d = 1.223 to 1.605), and moderate and vigorous physical activity ( p < 0.05, d = 0.568 to 0.616), in the pre- compared with the during-COVID-19 lockdown phase. Additionally, smartphone use ( p = 0.009, d = 0.654), sitting time ( p = 0.002, d = 1.120), and total sleep ( p < 0.004, d = 0.666) were significantly greater in the during- compared with the pre-COVID-19 lockdown phase. Multiple regressions analyses showed associations between physical activity and sedentary behavior and sleep quality. The number of hours sitting per day and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity significantly predicted deep sleep (adj.R 2 = 0.46). In conclusion, this study revealed that during the COVID-19 outbreak, behaviors changed, with participants spending less time engaging in physical activity, sitting more, spending more time using the smartphone, and sleeping more hours. These findings may be of importance to make recommendations, including lifestyle modifications during this time.

Suggested Citation

  • Borja Sañudo & Curtis Fennell & Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver, 2020. "Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Smartphone Use, and Sleep Patterns Pre- and during-COVID-19 Quarantine in Young Adults from Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-12, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:15:p:5890-:d:388037
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Aurélie Goncalves & Sarah Le Vigouroux & Elodie Charbonnier, 2021. "University Students’ Lifestyle Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Four-Wave Longitudinal Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-9, August.
    2. Anelise Sonza & Danúbia da Cunha de Sá-Caputo & Alessandro Sartorio & Sofia Tamini & Adérito Seixas & Borja Sanudo & Jessica Süßenbach & Marcello Montillo Provenza & Vinicius Layter Xavier & Redha Tai, 2021. "COVID-19 Lockdown and the Behavior Change on Physical Exercise, Pain and Psychological Well-Being: An International Multicentric Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-20, April.
    3. Éva Bácsné Bába & Anetta Müller & Christa Pfau & Renátó Balogh & Éva Bartha & György Szabados & Zoltán Bács & Kinga Ráthonyi-Ódor & Gergely Ráthonyi, 2023. "Sedentary Behavior Patterns of the Hungarian Adult Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-15, February.
    4. Meng Xuan Zhang & Juliet Honglei Chen & Kwok Kit Tong & Eilo Wing-yat Yu & Anise M. S. Wu, 2021. "Problematic Smartphone Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Its Association with Pandemic-Related and Generalized Beliefs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-11, May.
    5. Livia Jonnatan & Cherisse L. Seaton & Kathy L. Rush & Eric P. H. Li & Khalad Hasan, 2022. "Mobile Device Usage before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Rural and Urban Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-17, July.
    6. Jihye Choi & Youjeong Park & Hye-Eun Kim & Jihyeok Song & Daeun Lee & Eunhye Lee & Hyeonjin Kang & Jeeho Lee & Jihyeon Park & Ji-Woo Lee & Seongeun Ye & Seul Lee & Sohee Ryu & Yeojeong Kim & Ye-Ri Kim, 2021. "Daily Life Changes and Life Satisfaction among Korean School-Aged Children in the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-17, March.
    7. Shu-Mei Liu & Shu-Fang Shih & Bo Meng & Rui Zhen & Xiao-Ben Pan & Eric Ng & Chia-Hsuan Hsu & Wei-Ta Fang, 2021. "Gendered Factors Associated with Preventive Behaviors and Mental Health among Chinese Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic Home Quarantine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-19, September.
    8. Adam Runacres & Kelly A. Mackintosh & Rachel L. Knight & Liba Sheeran & Rhys Thatcher & James Shelley & Melitta A. McNarry, 2021. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sedentary Time and Behaviour in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-26, October.
    9. Zhe Cheng & Xinzhou Wu & Victor Kuzmichev & Dominique Adolphe, 2022. "The Influence of Major Ergonomic Factors on the Demand for Underwear in the Highly Educated Male Group," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-10, September.
    10. Grzegorz Bielec & Aneta Omelan, 2022. "Physical Activity Behaviors and Physical Work Capacity in University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-10, January.
    11. Sandra Figueiredo & Raquel João & Laura Alho & João Hipólito, 2022. "Psychological Research on Sleep Problems and Adjustment of Working Hours during Teleworking in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-14, November.
    12. Curtis Fennell & Thomas Eremus & Moisés Grimaldi Puyana & Borja Sañudo, 2022. "The Importance of Physical Activity to Augment Mood during COVID-19 Lockdown," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-11, January.
    13. Yu-Hsiu Chu & Yao-Chuen Li, 2022. "The Impact of Online Learning on Physical and Mental Health in University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-10, March.
    14. Khaled Trabelsi & Achraf Ammar & Liwa Masmoudi & Omar Boukhris & Hamdi Chtourou & Bassem Bouaziz & Michael Brach & Ellen Bentlage & Daniella How & Mona Ahmed & Patrick Mueller & Notger Mueller & Hsen , 2021. "Sleep Quality and Physical Activity as Predictors of Mental Wellbeing Variance in Older Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown: ECLB COVID-19 International Online Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-18, April.
    15. Shaoshuai Shen & Koya Suzuki & Yoshimitsu Kohmura & Noriyuki Fuku & Yuki Someya & Eri Miyamoto-Mikami & Dandan Ke & Shuich Machida & Kazuhiro Aoki & Hisashi Naito, 2021. "Associations of Voluntary Exercise and Screen Time during the First Wave of COVID-19 Restrictions in Japan with Subsequent Grip Strength among University Students: J-Fit + Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-9, December.
    16. Shameena Gill & Alia Maisara Adenan & Adli Ali & Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail, 2022. "Living through the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact and Lessons on Dietary Behavior and Physical Well-Being," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-23, January.
    17. Hadigheh Morabi Jouybari & Amir Ghorbani & Hossein Mousazadeh & Azadeh Golafshan & Farahnaz Akbarzadeh Almani & Dávid Lóránt Dénes & Ritter Krisztián, 2023. "Smartphones as a Platform for Tourism Management Dynamics during Pandemics: A Case Study of the Shiraz Metropolis, Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-17, February.
    18. Einat Shneor & Ravid Doron & Jonathan Levine & Deena Rachel Zimmerman & Julia S. Benoit & Lisa A. Ostrin & Ariela Gordon-Shaag, 2021. "Objective Behavioral Measures in Children before, during, and after the COVID-19 Lockdown in Israel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-15, August.

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