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Flood Risk Assessment in an Underground Railway System under the Impact of Climate Change—A Case Study of the Barcelona Metro

Author

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  • Edwar Forero-Ortiz

    (Cetaqua, Water Technology Centre, Carretera d’Esplugues, 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
    Flumen Research Institute, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Calle del Gran Capità, 6, 08034 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz

    (Cetaqua, Water Technology Centre, Carretera d’Esplugues, 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
    Flumen Research Institute, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Calle del Gran Capità, 6, 08034 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Manuel Cañas Porcuna

    (TMB (Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona), Carrer 60, núm. 21-23, sector A, Pol. Ind. de la Zona Franca, 08040 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Luca Locatelli

    (AQUATEC (SUEZ Advanced Solutions), Paseo de la Zona Franca, 46-48, 08038 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Beniamino Russo

    (AQUATEC (SUEZ Advanced Solutions), Paseo de la Zona Franca, 46-48, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
    Grupo de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental (GIHA), Escuela Politécnica de La Almunia (EUPLA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle Mayor, 5, 50100 La Almunia de Doña Godina, Zaragoza, Spain)

Abstract

Flooding events can produce significant disturbances in underground transport systems within urban areas and lead to economic and technical consequences, which can be worsened by variations in the occurrence of climate extremes. Within the framework of the European project RESCCUE (RESilience to cope with Climate Change in Urban arEas—a multi-sectorial approach focusing on water), climate projections for the city of Barcelona manifest meaningful increases in maximum rainfall intensities for the 2100 horizon. A better comprehension of these impacts and their conditions is consequently needed. A hydrodynamic modelling process was carried out on Barcelona Metro Line 3, as it was identified as vulnerable to pluvial flooding events. The Metro line and all its components are simulated in the urban drainage models as a system of computational link and nodes reproducing the main physical characteristics like slopes and cross-sections when embedded in the current 1D/2D hydrodynamic model of Barcelona used in the project RESCCUE. This study presents a risk analysis focused on ensuring transport service continuity in flood events. The results reveal that two of the 26 stations on Metro Line 3 are exposed to a high risk of flooding in current rainfall conditions, and 11 of the 26 stations on Metro Line 3 are exposed to a high risk of flooding in future rainfall conditions for a 20-year return period event, which affects Metro service in terms of increased risk. This research gives insights for stakeholders and policymakers to enhance urban flood risk management, as a reasonable approach to tackle this issue for Metro systems worldwide. This study provides a baseline for assessing potential flood outcomes in Metro systems and can be used to evaluate adaptation measures’ effectiveness.

Suggested Citation

  • Edwar Forero-Ortiz & Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz & Manuel Cañas Porcuna & Luca Locatelli & Beniamino Russo, 2020. "Flood Risk Assessment in an Underground Railway System under the Impact of Climate Change—A Case Study of the Barcelona Metro," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-26, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:13:p:5291-:d:378497
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz & Manuel Gómez & Beniamino Russo, 2016. "Experimental study of the stability of pedestrians exposed to urban pluvial flooding," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 82(2), pages 1259-1278, June.
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    4. Edwar Forero-Ortiz & Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz, 2020. "Hazards threatening underground transport systems," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 100(3), pages 1243-1261, February.
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    1. Liudan Jiao & Dongrong Li & Yu Zhang & Yinghan Zhu & Xiaosen Huo & Ya Wu, 2021. "Identification of the Key Influencing Factors of Urban Rail Transit Station Resilience against Disasters Caused by Rainstorms," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-21, November.
    2. Tianni Wang & Mark Ching-Pong Poo & Adolf K. Y. Ng & Zaili Yang, 2023. "Adapting to the Impacts Posed by Climate Change: Applying the Climate Change Risk Indicator (CCRI) Framework in a Multi-Modal Transport System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-21, May.
    3. Marc Velasco & Beniamino Russo & Robert Monjo & César Paradinas & Slobodan Djordjević & Barry Evans & Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz & Maria Guerrero-Hidalga & Maria Adriana Cardoso & Rita Salgado Brito & D, 2020. "Increased Urban Resilience to Climate Change—Key Outputs from the RESCCUE Project," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-25, November.
    4. Maria Adriana Cardoso & Maria João Telhado & Maria do Céu Almeida & Rita Salgado Brito & Cristina Pereira & João Barreiro & Marco Morais, 2020. "Following a Step by Step Development of a Resilience Action Plan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-22, October.
    5. A. H. S. Garmabaki & Adithya Thaduri & Stephen Famurewa & Uday Kumar, 2021. "Adapting Railway Maintenance to Climate Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-27, December.

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