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Sustainability of Vehicle Fuel Biomethane Produced from Grass Silage in Finland

Author

Listed:
  • Saija Rasi

    (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Survontie 9 A, FI-40500 Jyväskylä, Finland)

  • Karetta Timonen

    (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Maarintie 6, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Katri Joensuu

    (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Maarintie 6, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Kristiina Regina

    (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Bioeconomy and Environment, Tietotie 4, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland)

  • Perttu Virkajärvi

    (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Halolantie 31 A, FI-71750 Maaninka, Finland)

  • Hannele Heusala

    (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Maarintie 6, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Elina Tampio

    (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Maarintie 6, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Sari Luostarinen

    (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Bioeconomy and Environment, Tietotie 4, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland)

Abstract

Increasing demand of fossil-free fuels in the transport sector drives towards using new biomass sources in fuel production. Municipal waste as a substrate is used in many countries in biomethane production, but the amount of waste can cover only a small portion of the fuel used. In Europe, the new renewable energy directive (RED II) was established December 2018 to ensure the sustainability of renewable fuels. The directive includes typical and default greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for several potential substrates, such as biogas from manure or maize silage, which the biogas plants can use to verify their emissions directly or to calculate their emissions using the methods provided. However, such default value for grass silage as biogas substrate is lacking. We defined the conditions needed to fulfil the sustainability criteria of the directive when producing biomethane for vehicle fuel using grass silage as the feedstock in Finland. The emission reduction targets are not easy to achieve in Finland when using grass cultivated exclusively for energy production. The reduction targets can be achieved, however, if the grass is cultivated due to an improved crop rotation, where the grass is co-digested with manure and/or energy sources with zero emissions for the process can be applied.

Suggested Citation

  • Saija Rasi & Karetta Timonen & Katri Joensuu & Kristiina Regina & Perttu Virkajärvi & Hannele Heusala & Elina Tampio & Sari Luostarinen, 2020. "Sustainability of Vehicle Fuel Biomethane Produced from Grass Silage in Finland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-11, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:10:p:3994-:d:357651
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Idiano D’Adamo & Claudio Sassanelli, 2022. "Biomethane Community: A Research Agenda towards Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-22, April.
    2. Pauls P. Argalis & Kristine Vegere, 2021. "Perspective Biomethane Potential and Its Utilization in the Transport Sector in the Current Situation of Latvia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-18, July.
    3. Alexandra Pehlken & Kalle Wulf & Kevin Grecksch & Thomas Klenke & Nina Tsydenova, 2020. "More Sustainable Bioenergy by Making Use of Regional Alternative Biomass?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-22, September.
    4. D’Adamo, Idiano & Falcone, Pasquale Marcello & Huisingh, Donald & Morone, Piergiuseppe, 2021. "A circular economy model based on biomethane: What are the opportunities for the municipality of Rome and beyond?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1660-1672.

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