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Are Green Walls Better Options than Green Roofs for Mitigating PM 10 Pollution? CFD Simulations in Urban Street Canyons

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Listed:
  • Hongqiao Qin

    (College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China)

  • Bo Hong

    (College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China)

  • Runsheng Jiang

    (College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China)

Abstract

To examine the effect of green roofs (GRs) and green walls (GWs) on coarse particle (PM 10 ) dispersion in urban street canyons, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was conducted with a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model and a revised generalized drift flux model. Simulations were performed with different aspect ratios (H/W = 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0), greenery coverage areas (S = 300, 600, and 900 m 2 ), and leaf area densities (LADs = 1.0, 3.5, 6.0 m 2 /m 3 ). Results indicate that: (1) GRs and GWs all had the reduction ability of PM 10 at the pedestrian level; (2) Averaged concentrations of PM 10 in GWs and GRs varied little as LAD changed in H/W = 0.5 and 1.0. When H/W = 2.0, the aerodynamic effects of GRs increased since airflow was enhanced within street canyons, resulting in the increasing concentrations in GRs compared with non-greening scenarios; (3) Given equal greenery coverage area and aspect ratio, GWs are more effective in reducing street-canyon PM 10 , and the averaged concentrations declined with increasing LADs and greenery coverage areas, especially the H/W; (4) At the pedestrian level, the reduction ratio of GRs is greater than that of GWs with the maximum value of 17.1% for H/W = 0.5. However, where H/W = 1.0 and 2.0, the concentrations within GWs are lower than GRs, with maximum reduction ratios of 29.3% and 43.8%, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Hongqiao Qin & Bo Hong & Runsheng Jiang, 2018. "Are Green Walls Better Options than Green Roofs for Mitigating PM 10 Pollution? CFD Simulations in Urban Street Canyons," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-21, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:8:p:2833-:d:162922
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Berardi, Umberto & GhaffarianHoseini, AmirHosein & GhaffarianHoseini, Ali, 2014. "State-of-the-art analysis of the environmental benefits of green roofs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 411-428.
    2. Hong, Bo & Lin, Borong, 2015. "Numerical studies of the outdoor wind environment and thermal comfort at pedestrian level in housing blocks with different building layout patterns and trees arrangement," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 18-27.
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    Cited by:

    1. Joanna Badach & Małgorzata Dymnicka & Andrzej Baranowski, 2020. "Urban Vegetation in Air Quality Management: A Review and Policy Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-28, February.
    2. Hui Wang & Guangxing Ji & Jisheng Xia, 2019. "Analysis of Regional Differences in Energy-Related PM 2.5 Emissions in China: Influencing Factors and Mitigation Countermeasures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-14, March.
    3. Bo Hong & Hongqiao Qin & Runsheng Jiang & Min Xu & Jiaqi Niu, 2018. "How Outdoor Trees Affect Indoor Particulate Matter Dispersion: CFD Simulations in a Naturally Ventilated Auditorium," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-21, December.
    4. Cansu Iraz Seyrek & Barbara Widera & Agata Woźniczka, 2021. "Sustainability-Related Parameters and Decision Support Tools for Kinetic Green Façades," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-16, September.

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