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Climate Change Sensitivity of Multi-Species Afforestation in Semi-Arid Benin

Author

Listed:
  • Florent Noulèkoun

    (Center for Development Research (ZEF), Genscherallee 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany)

  • Asia Khamzina

    (Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea)

  • Jesse B. Naab

    (WASCAL Competence Center, 06 P.O. Box 9507 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso)

  • Ni’matul Khasanah

    (World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Southeast Asia Regional Programme, PO Box 161, Bogor 16001, Indonesia)

  • Meine Van Noordwijk

    (World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Southeast Asia Regional Programme, PO Box 161, Bogor 16001, Indonesia
    Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands)

  • John P. A. Lamers

    (Center for Development Research (ZEF), Genscherallee 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany)

Abstract

The early growth stage is critical in the response of trees to climate change and variability. It is not clear, however, what climate metrics are best to define the early-growth sensitivity in assessing adaptation strategies of young forests to climate change. Using a combination of field experiments and modelling, we assessed the climate sensitivity of two promising afforestation species, Jatropha curcas L. and Moringa oleifera Lam., by analyzing their predicted climate–growth relationships in the initial two years after planting on degraded cropland in the semi-arid zone of Benin. The process-based WaNuLCAS model (version 4.3, World Agroforestry Centre, Bogor, Indonesia) was used to simulate aboveground biomass growth for each year in the climate record (1981–2016), either as the first or as the second year of tree growth. Linear mixed models related the annual biomass growth to climate indicators, and climate sensitivity indices quantified climate–growth relationships. In the first year, the length of dry spells had the strongest effect on tree growth. In the following year, the annual water deficit and length of dry season became the strongest predictors. Simulated rooting depths greater than those observed in the experiments enhanced biomass growth under extreme dry conditions and reduced sapling sensitivity to drought. Projected increases in aridity implied significant growth reduction, but a multi-species approach to afforestation using species that are able to develop deep-penetrating roots should increase the resilience of young forests to climate change. The results illustrate that process-based modelling, combined with field experiments, can be effective in assessing the climate–growth relationships of tree species.

Suggested Citation

  • Florent Noulèkoun & Asia Khamzina & Jesse B. Naab & Ni’matul Khasanah & Meine Van Noordwijk & John P. A. Lamers, 2018. "Climate Change Sensitivity of Multi-Species Afforestation in Semi-Arid Benin," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-23, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:6:p:1931-:d:151493
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Richard A. Betts & Olivier Boucher & Matthew Collins & Peter M. Cox & Peter D. Falloon & Nicola Gedney & Deborah L. Hemming & Chris Huntingford & Chris D. Jones & David M. H. Sexton & Mark J. Webb, 2007. "Projected increase in continental runoff due to plant responses to increasing carbon dioxide," Nature, Nature, vol. 448(7157), pages 1037-1041, August.
    2. Muthuri, C.W. & Ong, C.K. & Black, C.R. & Mati, Bancy Mbura & Ngumi, V.W. & van Noordwijk, Meine, 2004. "Modelling the effects of leafing phenology on growth and water use by selected agroforestry tree species in semi-arid Kenya," Land Use and Water Resources Research, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Centre for Land Use and Water Resources Research, vol. 4, pages 1-11.
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    1. Meine van Noordwijk & Richard Coe & Fergus L. Sinclair & Eike Luedeling & Jules Bayala & Catherine W. Muthuri & Peter Cooper & Roeland Kindt & Lalisa Duguma & Christine Lamanna & Peter A. Minang, 2021. "Climate change adaptation in and through agroforestry: four decades of research initiated by Peter Huxley," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 26(5), pages 1-33, June.
    2. Saputra, Danny Dwi & Khasanah, Ni'matul & Sari, Rika Ratna & van Noordwijk, Meine, 2024. "Avoidance of tree-site mismatching of modelled cacao production systems across climatic zones: Roots for multifunctionality," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).

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