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Sustainable and Low Greenhouse Gas Emitting Rice Production in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Review on the Transition from Ideality to Reality

Author

Listed:
  • Ngonidzashe Chirinda

    (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Palmira 6713, Colombia)

  • Laura Arenas

    (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Palmira 6713, Colombia)

  • Maria Katto

    (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Palmira 6713, Colombia)

  • Sandra Loaiza

    (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Palmira 6713, Colombia)

  • Fernando Correa

    (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Palmira 6713, Colombia)

  • Manabu Isthitani

    (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Palmira 6713, Colombia)

  • Ana Maria Loboguerrero

    (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Palmira 6713, Colombia
    Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Palmira 6713, Colombia)

  • Deissy Martínez-Barón

    (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Palmira 6713, Colombia
    Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Palmira 6713, Colombia)

  • Eduardo Graterol

    (Fondo Latinoamericano para Arroz de Riego (FLAR), Palmira 6713, Colombia)

  • Santiago Jaramillo

    (Fondo Latinoamericano para Arroz de Riego (FLAR), Palmira 6713, Colombia)

  • Carlos Felipe Torres

    (Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM), Bogotá, 111711, Colombia)

  • Miguel Arango

    (Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Via Puerto López 502007, Colombia)

  • Myriam Guzmán

    (Federación Nacional de Arroceros (FEDEARROZ), Bogotá 111831, Colombia)

  • Ivan Avila

    (Federación Nacional de Arroceros (FEDEARROZ), Bogotá 111831, Colombia)

  • Sara Hube

    (Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Santiago 7083150, Chile)

  • Ditmar Bernardo Kurtz

    (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Corrientes 3400, Argentina)

  • Gonzalo Zorrilla

    (National Agricultural Research Institute (INIA), Treinta y Tres 33000, Uruguay)

  • Jose Terra

    (National Agricultural Research Institute (INIA), Treinta y Tres 33000, Uruguay)

  • Pilar Irisarri

    (Department of Plant Biology, College of Agriculture, University of the Republic, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay)

  • Silvana Tarlera

    (Department of Biosciences, College of Chemistry and Science, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay)

  • Gabriel LaHue

    (Department Plant Sciences; Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA)

  • Walkyria Bueno Scivittaro

    (Embrapa Clima Temperado (CPACT), Pelotas, RS 96010-971, Brazil)

  • Aldo Noguera

    (Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG), Asunción 1329, Paraguay)

  • Cimelio Bayer

    (Department of Soil Science, Universidad Federal de Río Grande del Sur (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil)

Abstract

The burgeoning demand for rice in Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) exceeds supply, resulting in a rice deficit. To overcome this challenge, rice production should be increased, albeit sustainably. However, since rice production is associated with increases in the atmospheric concentration of two greenhouse gases (GHGs), namely methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), the challenge is on ensuring that production increases are not associated with an increase in GHG emissions and thus do not cause an increase in GHG emission intensities. Based on current understanding of drivers of CH 4 and N 2 O production, we provide here insights on the potential climate change mitigation benefits of management and technological options (i.e., seeding, tillage, irrigation, residue management) pursued in the LAC region. Studies conducted in the LAC region show intermittent irrigation or alternate wetting and drying of rice fields to reduce CH 4 emissions by 25–70% without increasing N 2 O emissions. Results on yield changes associated with intermittent irrigation remain inconclusive. Compared to conventional tillage, no-tillage and anticipated tillage (i.e., fall tillage) cause a 21% and 25% reduction in CH 4 emissions, respectively. From existing literature, it was unambiguous that the mitigation potential of most management strategies pursued in the LAC region need to be quantified while acknowledging country-specific conditions. While breeding high yielding and low emitting rice varieties may represent the most promising and possibly sustainable approach for achieving GHG emission reductions without demanding major changes in on-farm management practices, this is rather idealistic. We contend that a more realistic approach for realizing low GHG emitting rice production systems is to focus on increasing rice yields, for obvious food security reasons, which, while not reducing absolute emissions, should translate to a reduction in GHG emission intensities. Moreover, there is need to explore creative ways of incentivizing the adoption of promising combinations of management and technological options.

Suggested Citation

  • Ngonidzashe Chirinda & Laura Arenas & Maria Katto & Sandra Loaiza & Fernando Correa & Manabu Isthitani & Ana Maria Loboguerrero & Deissy Martínez-Barón & Eduardo Graterol & Santiago Jaramillo & Carlos, 2018. "Sustainable and Low Greenhouse Gas Emitting Rice Production in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Review on the Transition from Ideality to Reality," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-16, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:671-:d:134244
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Joshua Schimel, 2000. "Rice, microbes and methane," Nature, Nature, vol. 403(6768), pages 375-377, January.
    2. J. Su & C. Hu & X. Yan & Y. Jin & Z. Chen & Q. Guan & Y. Wang & D. Zhong & C. Jansson & F. Wang & A. Schnürer & C. Sun, 2015. "Expression of barley SUSIBA2 transcription factor yields high-starch low-methane rice," Nature, Nature, vol. 523(7562), pages 602-606, July.
    3. Benjamin J. DeAngelo, Francisco C. de la Chesnaye, Robert H. Beach, Allan Sommer and Brian C. Murray, 2006. "Methane and Nitrous Oxide Mitigation in Agriculture," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Special I), pages 89-108.
    4. Ngonidzashe Chirinda & Laura Arenas & Sandra Loaiza & Catalina Trujillo & Maria Katto & Paula Chaparro & Jonathan Nuñez & Jacobo Arango & Deissy Martinez-Baron & Ana María Loboguerrero & Luis A. Becer, 2017. "Novel Technological and Management Options for Accelerating Transformational Changes in Rice and Livestock Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-16, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Cristiano Maboni & Tiago Bremm & Leonardo José Gonçalves Aguiar & Walkyria Bueno Scivittaro & Vanessa de Arruda Souza & Hans Rogério Zimermann & Claudio Alberto Teichrieb & Pablo Eli Soares de Oliveir, 2021. "The Fallow Period Plays an Important Role in Annual CH 4 Emission in a Rice Paddy in Southern Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-19, October.

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