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Potential for Conservation Agriculture in the Dry Marginal Zone of Central Syria: A Preliminary Assessment

Author

Listed:
  • Baqir Lalani

    (Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK)

  • Bassil Aleter

    (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), West Villas, Mazzeh, Gazawi Str. No.8, P.O. Box 2317 Damascus, Syria)

  • Shinan N. Kassam

    (Caritas Switzerland, Adligenswilerstrasse15, P.O. Box CH-6002 Lucerne, Switzerland)

  • Amyn Bapoo

    (Aga Khan Foundation, 1-3 Avenue de la Paix, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland)

  • Amir Kassam

    (School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 217, RG6 6AH Reading, UK)

Abstract

This paper reports on early soil related outcomes from conservation agriculture (CA) benchmark sites located within the marginal rainfed environment of agro-ecological zone 4 (annual rainfall: 200–250 mm) in pre-conflict central Syria. The outcomes reported are specifically those that relate to beneficial soil quality and water retention attributes relative to conventional tillage-based soil management practices applied to the fodder barley–livestock system, the dominant system in the zone. On-farm operational research was established to examine the impact of a barley ( Hordeum vulgare) and vetch ( Vicia sativa ) rotation intercropped with atriplex ( Atriplex halimus ) and salsola ( Salsola collina ), under CA and conventional tillage agriculture, on the soil quality parameters and crop productivity. Preliminary results showed that CA had a positive effect on the soil quality parameters and crop performance. The soil moisture and hydraulic conductivity were higher under CA ( p < 0.05), combined with improved productivity (grain and above-ground biomass) under specific crop mixes. The results suggest that despite the marginal nature of the zone, the use of CA is a viable option for the future of farmers’ livelihoods within similar localities and agro-climates, given the benefits for soil moisture and grain and straw productivity. In addition, it is likely to positively impact those in marginal environments where both pastoralism and agro-pastoralism production systems co-exist and compete for crop biomass as a main source of livestock feed. The increase in grain and straw yields vis-à-vis improvements in biophysical parameters in the CA system relative to tillage agriculture does suggest, however, that the competition with livestock for biomass is likely to reduce over time, and farmers would be able to return increased levels of straw (as stubble and residue) as mulch, given improved biomass yields.

Suggested Citation

  • Baqir Lalani & Bassil Aleter & Shinan N. Kassam & Amyn Bapoo & Amir Kassam, 2018. "Potential for Conservation Agriculture in the Dry Marginal Zone of Central Syria: A Preliminary Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:518-:d:131963
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Christian Thierfelder & Pauline Chivenge & Walter Mupangwa & Todd S. Rosenstock & Christine Lamanna & Joseph X. Eyre, 2017. "How climate-smart is conservation agriculture (CA)? – its potential to deliver on adaptation, mitigation and productivity on smallholder farms in southern Africa," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 9(3), pages 537-560, June.
    2. David S. Powlson & Clare M. Stirling & M. L. Jat & Bruno G. Gerard & Cheryl A. Palm & Pedro A. Sanchez & Kenneth G. Cassman, 2014. "Limited potential of no-till agriculture for climate change mitigation," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 4(8), pages 678-683, August.
    3. Cameron M. Pittelkow & Xinqiang Liang & Bruce A. Linquist & Kees Jan van Groenigen & Juhwan Lee & Mark E. Lundy & Natasja van Gestel & Johan Six & Rodney T. Venterea & Chris van Kessel, 2015. "Productivity limits and potentials of the principles of conservation agriculture," Nature, Nature, vol. 517(7534), pages 365-368, January.
    4. Nicholas Magnan & Douglas M. Larson & J. Edward Taylor, 2012. "Stuck on Stubble? The Non-market Value of Agricultural Byproducts for Diversified Farmers in Morocco-super- ," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 94(5), pages 1055-1069.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Azevedo, Susana Garrido & Sequeira, Tiago & Santos, Marcelo & Mendes, Luis, 2019. "Biomass-related sustainability: A review of the literature and interpretive structural modeling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 1107-1125.
    3. Katharina Helming & Katrin Daedlow & Bernd Hansjürgens & Thomas Koellner, 2018. "Assessment and Governance of Sustainable Soil Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-13, November.

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