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The Moku System: Managing Biocultural Resources for Abundance within Social-Ecological Regions in Hawaiʻi

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  • Kawika B. Winter

    (Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Kāneʻohe, HI 96744, USA
    National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalāheo, HI 96741, USA
    Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA)

  • Kamanamaikalani Beamer

    (Hawaiʻinuiākea School of Hawaiian Knowledge—Kamakakūokalani Center for Hawaiian Studies University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
    William S. Richardson School of Law—Ka Huli Ao Center for Excellence in Native Hawaiian Law, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, HI 96822, USA
    Hui ʻĀina Momona Program, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA)

  • Mehana Blaich Vaughan

    (Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
    Hawaiʻinuiākea School of Hawaiian Knowledge—Kamakakūokalani Center for Hawaiian Studies University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
    Hui ʻĀina Momona Program, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
    University of Hawaiʻi Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA)

  • Alan M. Friedlander

    (Fisheries Ecology Research Lab, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
    Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20036, USA)

  • Mike H. Kido

    (Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA)

  • A. Nāmaka Whitehead

    (Natural and Cultural Resources, Kamehameha Schools, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA)

  • Malia K.H. Akutagawa

    (William S. Richardson School of Law—Ka Huli Ao Center for Excellence in Native Hawaiian Law, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, HI 96822, USA
    Hui ʻĀina Momona Program, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA)

  • Natalie Kurashima

    (Natural and Cultural Resources, Kamehameha Schools, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA)

  • Matthew Paul Lucas

    (Department of Geography and Environment, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA)

  • Ben Nyberg

    (National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalāheo, HI 96741, USA)

Abstract

Through research, restoration of agro-ecological sites, and a renaissance of cultural awareness in Hawaiʻi, there has been a growing recognition of the ingenuity of the Hawaiian biocultural resource management system. The contemporary term for this system, “the ahupuaʻa system”, does not accurately convey the nuances of system function, and it inhibits an understanding about the complexity of the system’s management. We examined six aspects of the Hawaiian biocultural resource management system to understand its framework for systematic management. Based on a more holistic understanding of this system’s structure and function, we introduce the term, “the moku system”, to describe the Hawaiian biocultural resource management system, which divided large islands into social-ecological regions and further into interrelated social-ecological communities. This system had several social-ecological zones running horizontally across each region, which divided individual communities vertically while connecting them to adjacent communities horizontally; and, thus, created a mosaic that contained forested landscapes, cultural landscapes, and seascapes, which synergistically harnessed a diversity of ecosystem services to facilitate an abundance of biocultural resources. “The moku system”, is a term that is more conducive to large-scale biocultural restoration in the contemporary period, while being inclusive of the smaller-scale divisions that allowed for a highly functional system.

Suggested Citation

  • Kawika B. Winter & Kamanamaikalani Beamer & Mehana Blaich Vaughan & Alan M. Friedlander & Mike H. Kido & A. Nāmaka Whitehead & Malia K.H. Akutagawa & Natalie Kurashima & Matthew Paul Lucas & Ben Nyber, 2018. "The Moku System: Managing Biocultural Resources for Abundance within Social-Ecological Regions in Hawaiʻi," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-19, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:10:p:3554-:d:173697
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tom C. L. Bridge & Terry P. Hughes & John M. Guinotte & Pim Bongaerts, 2013. "Call to protect all coral reefs," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 3(6), pages 528-530, June.
    2. Kawika B. Winter & Noa Kekuewa Lincoln & Fikret Berkes, 2018. "The Social-Ecological Keystone Concept: A Quantifiable Metaphor for Understanding the Structure, Function, and Resilience of a Biocultural System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-19, September.
    3. Jade M.S. Delevaux & Kawika B. Winter & Stacy D. Jupiter & Mehana Blaich-Vaughan & Kostantinos A. Stamoulis & Leah L. Bremer & Kimberly Burnett & Peter Garrod & Jacquelyn L. Troller & Tamara Ticktin, 2018. "Linking Land and Sea through Collaborative Research to Inform Contemporary applications of Traditional Resource Management in Hawai‘i," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-19, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Angelica Melone & Leah L. Bremer & Susan E. Crow & Zoe Hastings & Kawika B. Winter & Tamara Ticktin & Yoshimi M. Rii & Maile Wong & Kānekoa Kukea-Shultz & Sheree J. Watson & Clay Trauernicht, 2021. "Assessing Baseline Carbon Stocks for Forest Transitions: A Case Study of Agroforestry Restoration from Hawaiʻi," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-17, February.
    2. Kawika B. Winter & Noa Kekuewa Lincoln & Fikret Berkes, 2018. "The Social-Ecological Keystone Concept: A Quantifiable Metaphor for Understanding the Structure, Function, and Resilience of a Biocultural System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-19, September.
    3. Monica Montgomery & Mehana Vaughan, 2018. "Ma Kahana ka ‘Ike: Lessons for Community-Based Fisheries Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-16, October.
    4. Leah L. Bremer & Kim Falinski & Casey Ching & Christopher A. Wada & Kimberly M. Burnett & Kanekoa Kukea-Shultz & Nicholas Reppun & Gregory Chun & Kirsten L.L. Oleson & Tamara Ticktin, 2018. "Biocultural Restoration of Traditional Agriculture: Cultural, Environmental, and Economic Outcomes of Lo‘i Kalo Restoration in He‘eia, O‘ahu," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-21, November.
    5. Samuel M. Gon & Stephanie L. Tom & Ulalia Woodside, 2018. "ʻĀina Momona, Honua Au Loli —Productive Lands, Changing World: Using the Hawaiian Footprint to Inform Biocultural Restoration and Future Sustainability in Hawai‘i," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-21, September.
    6. Kevin Chang & Kawika B. Winter & Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, 2019. "Hawai‘i in Focus: Navigating Pathways in Global Biocultural Leadership," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-9, January.
    7. Manohisoa Rakotondrabe & Fabien Girard, 2021. "Protecting Traditional Knowledge through Biocultural Community Protocols in Madagascar: Do Not Forget the “B” in BCP," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-36, September.
    8. Kamanamaikalani Beamer & Axel Tuma & Andrea Thorenz & Sandra Boldoczki & Keliʻiahonui Kotubetey & Kanekoa Kukea-Shultz & Kawena Elkington, 2021. "Reflections on Sustainability Concepts: Aloha ʻĀina and the Circular Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-16, March.

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