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Agroforestry form and ecological adaptation in ancient Hawai'i: Extent of the pākukui swidden system of Hāmākua, Hawai'i Island

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  • Lincoln, Noa Kekuewa

Abstract

Agricultural strategies in ancient Hawai'i were adaptive, occasionally unique, and increasingly being shown to have strongly related to the local environmental opportunities and constraints. However, little is known about the extent of arboriculture and forest modification due to the lack of physical infrastructure and remains associated with these forms of agriculture. We utilize historical ethnography and remote sensing to examine the form and function of agroforestry along the Hāmākua coast on Hawai'i Island. Mapping over 26,000 remnant trees of two species used in Hawaiian agroforestry systems, we identify two distinct applications of arboriculture: A permanent arboricultural system with substantial breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg) and a shifting cultivation system based on candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd). The distributions of these systems on the landscape appear to be constrained by soil fertility and temperature, with the swidden agricultural system occurring on the more fertile portion of the landscape and the permanent arboricultural system occupying the less fertile lands. Experimentation demonstrating the nitrogen accumulation and fixation associated with candlenut compost suggests that the swidden system would be maximized if the rotation occurred in the range of 6–12 years

Suggested Citation

  • Lincoln, Noa Kekuewa, 2020. "Agroforestry form and ecological adaptation in ancient Hawai'i: Extent of the pākukui swidden system of Hāmākua, Hawai'i Island," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agisys:v:181:y:2020:i:c:s0308521x19309576
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102808
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kawika B. Winter & Noa Kekuewa Lincoln & Fikret Berkes, 2018. "The Social-Ecological Keystone Concept: A Quantifiable Metaphor for Understanding the Structure, Function, and Resilience of a Biocultural System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-19, September.
    2. Natalie Kurashima & Lucas Fortini & Tamara Ticktin, 2019. "The potential of indigenous agricultural food production under climate change in Hawaiʻi," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 2(3), pages 191-199, March.
    3. Kevin Chang & Kawika B. Winter & Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, 2019. "Hawai‘i in Focus: Navigating Pathways in Global Biocultural Leadership," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-9, January.
    4. Noa Kekuewa Lincoln & Jack Rossen & Peter Vitousek & Jesse Kahoonei & Dana Shapiro & Keone Kalawe & Māhealani Pai & Kehaulani Marshall & Kamuela Meheula, 2018. "Restoration of ‘Āina Malo‘o on Hawai‘i Island: Expanding Biocultural Relationships," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-22, October.
    5. Aurora Kagawa-Viviani & Penny Levin & Edward Johnston & Jeri Ooka & Jonathan Baker & Michael Kantar & Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, 2018. "I Ke Ēwe ʻĀina o Ke Kupuna: Hawaiian Ancestral Crops in Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-36, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jillian A. Swift & Patrick V. Kirch & Jana Ilgner & Samantha Brown & Mary Lucas & Sara Marzo & Patrick Roberts, 2021. "Stable Isotopic Evidence for Nutrient Rejuvenation and Long-Term Resilience on Tikopia Island (Southeast Solomon Islands)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-19, July.

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